Renal effects of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with home blood pressure monitoring

Decrease in blood pressure contributes to the reno-protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; however, its relationship with home monitoring of blood pressure is unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 101 visiting members of the Kanagawa Physicians Association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease who were taking sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and who monitored blood pressure at home for a median treatment period of 14 months. At baseline, the mean value of HbA1c was 59.3 mmol/mol (7.6%) and the median value of albumin-creatinine ratio was 30.9 mg/gCr that was evaluated in 88 patients. The mean blood pressure both at office and home significantly decreased, and there was a significant positive correlation between the change in albumin–creatinine ratio and both blood pressures. Controlled hypertension, masked hypertension, white coat hypertension, and sustained hypertension were observed in 10.9%, 13.9%, 12.9%, and 62.4% of patients at the initiation of therapy, which changed to 10.9%, 16.8%, 17.8%, and 54.5% at the time of the survey, respectively. In conclusion, management of blood pressure both at office and home was found to be important for the reno-protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors along with strict blood pressure management

The difference between center of mass and center of pressure : A review of human postural control

This paper is a review of the relationship between the center of mass (COM) and center of pressure (COP). In the literature, there has been a major misuse of the COP, especially when it is referred to as body sway, inferring that it is the same as the COM. Careful attention is needed in the analysis of data obtained from the force platform to avoid confusing the COM and COP. We focused on the biomechanical aspects of human balance and posture, and described them while citing former studies. We clarified the definitions of the COM and COP, explained about the quiet standing using the inverted pendulum model which includes the control of the COP, and reconsidered the kinematics of gait initiation, which shows an obvious difference between the COM and COP. Our consideration is that a proper recognition of the COM and COP would be helpful in the evaluation of balance and posture by clinical therapists in the rehabilitation field, and also valuable for preventing falls in individuals with impaired postural control