Bilateral tubal pregnancy: A diagnostic dilemma

ABSTRACT Bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy is very rare and usually occurs following ovulation stimulation. Moreover preoperative diagnosis is very difficult. We are presenting a case of bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy occurring spontaneously. Hence careful follow-up with combination of color Doppler and serum beta HCG estimation of patients after laparoscopic or open surgery for ectopic pregnancies is needed to avoid such unusual event

Numerical analysis of multi layer geosynthetic-reinforced granular bed over soft fill

In this paper, considering the plain strain conditions, a numerical study has been conducted to investigate the behavior of multi layer geosynthetic-reinforced granular bed overlying a soft soil using the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) program. The granular fill, soft soil, and geosynthetic reinforcements are considered as linear elastic materials. The geosynthetic reinforcements are modeled as cable elements fully bonded with the surrounding soil, thus neglecting any slip. The results obtained from the present investigation showed very close agreement when compared with the results of finite element analysis and lumped parameter modeling. The distribution of vertical, lateral and shear stresses in the soil are greatly affected as the number of reinforcement layers is increased. If the tensile stiffness of geosynthetic layers increases and its value is no more than 4,000–5,000 kN/m, the settlement of the reinforced foundation decreases significantly. The reduction in settlement is insignificant when the tensile strength of the geosynthetics exceed the above value