Effect Of The Problem-Solving Approach On Academic Achievement Of Students In Mathematics At The Secondary Level

This study sought to determine the effect of the problem-solving approach on academic achievement of students in mathematics at the secondary level. The secondary school students studying mathematics constituted the population of this study. The students of 10th class of Government Pakistan Girls High School Rawalpindi were selected as a sample for the study. Sample size consisted of 48 students who were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group on the basis of pre-test. Treatment of the planned problem-solving approach is the guideline of Sherreen (2006) and Polya’s (1945) heuristic steps of the problem-solving approach. After the treatment, post-test was used to see the effects of the treatment. A two-tailed t-test was used to analyze the data, which revealed that both the experimental and control groups were almost equal in mathematics base at the beginning of the experiment. The experimental group outscored the control group significantly on the post-test

Assess the Practices of Nurses Regarding Oral Care of Intubated Patients in ICU

Mouth care is very important for everyone. Good mouth care is preventing from bad breath, oral infection, teeth infection and oral mucositis. Good oral care is maintaining the good overall health. Nurses will not give mouth care to intubated clients than clients will get many other oral infections due to poor oral care.Aim of the current study is to assess critical care nurses’ practices related to mouth care of mechanically ventilated with the equivalent factors. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in 15Feraury to 15March 2020 in Government hospital. A total of 152 critical care nurses were included in the study through convenient sampling technique. Data was collected through checklist by researcher.Result of the study revealed that out of 152 participants, 60.5% (n=92) participants washed their hand prior to given oral care to the patient and 39.5 % (n= 60) do not washed their hand prior to given oral care to the patient which show poor practice. Finding of the study also show that out of 152 participants, 47.37% (n=72) participants elevated head of the bed to at least 30 degree unless contraindicated and 52.63% (80) respondent not do such practices.Mouth care is a standard procedure.The presence of different mouth care practices demonstrates that there is a need of a standardized mouth care protocol.This study has offered significant understanding of nurse’s practice regarding oral care of intubated patients in ICU and has identified regions for future improvement in our government hospital. Keywords: Nurses, ICU, Practice, Oral, Care, Intubated, Patients,Participants DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/77-06 Publication date:July 31st 202

Molecular epidemiology of β-thalassemia in Pakistan: Far reaching implications

Background: β -Thalassaemia, an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy, is one of the commonest genetically transmitted disorders throughout the world. Collective measures including carrier identification, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis are required for preventing β-thalassemia. Aim: To achieve this objective, Identification of the spectrum of genetic mutations, especially for various ethnic backgrounds in Pakistan. Therefore, we designed a cross sectional prospective study to identify the frequency of various gene mutations in different ethnic groups of Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Over a 5-year period, DNA from 648 blood samples {including specimens of chorionic villus sampling (CVS)} were analyzed for the twelve most common β-thalassemia mutations found in the Pakistani population by a Multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Each sample was analyzed for the mutation as well as the normal gene, appropriate with negative and positive controls, and reagent blanks. Results: Out of 648 samples mutations were identified in 640 (98.75%) samples by multiplex ARMS. 8 common β-thalassemia mutations were identified in 8 different ethnic groups accounting for 93.9% of the β-thalasemia alleles. Conclusions: Based on the outcome of this study a cost effective proposal is formulated for detection of β-thalassemia mutations