The Demographic and Social Characteristics of Patients with Ocular Foreign Bodies in a Greek Tertiary Hospital

Panagiotis Kousiouris,1,&ast; Nikolaos Gouliopoulos,2,&ast; Anastasia Kourtesa,1,&ast; Georgios S Dimtsas,1 Klio Chatzistefanou,1 Nikolaos Bouratzis,2 Maria Kantzanou,3 Marilita M Moschos1 1 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Athens, Greece; 2 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece; 3Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Marilita M Moschos, 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens Medical School, G. Gennimatas Hospital, 154 Leof. Mesogeion, Athens, 115 27, Greece, Tel +30 6944887319, Email [email protected]: To present the demographic and social characteristics of patients with ocular foreign bodies (OFB), who visit the Ophthalmological Outpatient Department of a tertiary hospital in Athens, Greece.Patients and Methods: During the period January-March 2019, 5181 patients presented to the Ophthalmological Outpatient Department of our hospital, and 543 of them were diagnosed with an ocular foreign body. Moreover, 106 of them were interviewed about their demographic and social factors, regarding among others data about their occupation, level of education, nationality, family, and insurance status.Results: The patients with ocular foreign bodies were significantly younger compared to the rest of the examined patients (49.5± 13.9 vs 56.3± 17 years, p< 0.001). Moreover, the ocular foreign bodies were more frequent in men compared to women (15.5% vs 5.0%, p< 0.001) and in non-Greek patients (23.7% vs 9.2%, p< 0.001). Regarding the social characteristics of the patients with ocular foreign bodies, we found that the majority of them were married, employed, insured, while their educational status was middle and high school. Furthermore, the vast majority of the patients practiced manual professions (73.1% of them).Conclusion: We documented that the introduction of an ocular foreign body is frequently encountered in the Outpatient Department of our tertiary hospital in Athens, Greece. We also demonstrated that these patients are younger, while they are more frequently men, of non-Greek origin, with an educational status of middle and high school, and their occupation is associated with manual labour.Keywords: ocular foreign body, ocular trauma, demographic characteristics, social characteristic

The path between breakfast eating habit, sleep duration and physical activity on obesity status: An epidemiological study in schoolchildren

Background: Although the literature suggests that skipping breakfast, insufficient sleep, and reduced physical activity are associated with childhood obesity their co-influence and their in-between interactions on weight status have rarely been studied. Aim: To examine the co-influence of breakfast eating habits, sleep duration, and physical activity on the weight status of children 10–12 years old from several schools of Greece. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1688 students in Greece, during 2014–2016. Children's Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and classified according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) classification. Logistic regression models and path analysis were used. Results: Overweight/obesity prevalence was higher in boys (32.5% vs. 20.4%; p < 0.001). Average sleep duration decreased the odds of overweight/obesity [OR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.76, 0.97)] independently of the frequency of breakfast habit. Interaction between sleep duration with breakfast habit (p = 0.002) and physical activity (p < 0.001) was observed. Path analysis showed a negative association of BMI with sleep duration (standardized beta = −0.095, p < 0.001). A third-order interaction between breakfast habit, sleep duration, and physical activity revealed that daily breakfast eating along with adequate sleep and moderate/adequate physical activity levels, decreased the odds of over-weight/obesity by 55% [OR 0.45, 95% CI (0.27, 0.72)]. Conclusion: Although sleep duration is inversely associated with weight status independently of breakfast habit, the co-influence of adequate sleep duration with frequent breakfast eating and moderate/adequate physical activity seems to be a profoundly higher associated as a result of synergy against childhood obesity. © The Author(s) 2022