Pre-regulation of the planar chirality of pillar[5]arenes for preparing discrete chiral nanotubes

Regulating the chirality of macrocyclic host molecules and supramolecular assemblies is crucial because chirality often plays a role in governing the properties of these systems. Herein, we describe pillar[5]arene-based chiral nanotube formation via pre-regulation of the building blocks' chirality, which is different from frequently used post-regulation strategies. The planar chirality of rim-differentiated pillar[5]arenes is initially regulated by chiral awakening and further induction/inversion through stepwise achiral external stimuli. The pre-regulated chiral information is well stored in discrete nanotubes by interacting with a per-alkylamino-substituted pillar[5]arene. Such pre-regulation is more efficient than post-regulating the chirality of nanotubes

Surgical Reconstruction for Coarctation of the Abdominal Aorta

A 28-year-old man was referred for hypertension of 160/92 mmHg that was poorly controlled medically. However, he had no signs of lower limb ischemia; he had diminished femoral pulses and ankle-brachial indices of 0.7 bilaterally on physical examination. Computed tomography revealed coarctation of the abdominal aorta, beginning just below the takeoff of both renal arteries and extending above the inferior mesenteric artery. A 14-mm woven dacron aorto-aortic bypass, sutured end-to-side to the proximal descending thoracic aorta above and to the infrarenal abdominal aorta below, as well as right renal artery reconstruction were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and he continues to have normal blood pressure and normal femoral pulses. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2012; 1(4.000): 265-269

CT Findings of Axillary Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis: A Case Detected by Breast Cancer Screening Examination

We report the first description of CT findings of axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis confirmed by the pathological specimen. The breast cancer screening examination is one of the prime methods of detection of axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis. The most common site of axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis is the deep axilla. Screening mammography often fails to cover the whole axilla. The presence on the contrast-enhanced CT of unilateral multiple circumscribed dense nodes, some of which have large and dotted calcifications, might suggest tuberculous lymphadenitis in axillary region

Effects of SO2 on respiratory system of adult Miyakejima resident 2 years after returning to the island.

BACKGROUND: Mt. Oyama in Miyakejima Island erupted in June, 2000. All Miyake villagers were forced to evacuate from the island in September, 2000, due to continuous eruptions and emissions of unsafe amounts of volcanic gas, mainly SO2. From February, 2005, Miyake villagers returned to the island despite volcanic gas still being emitted. OBJECTIVES: This study examines the 2-yr changes in Miyake residents' respiratory systems from autumn 2004 to November 2006. METHODS: The study population was 823 Miyake adult residents who participated in the health check-up in 2006. Respiratory effects were evaluated by a questionnaire for respiratory symptoms and spirometry. SO2 has been continuously monitored at 7 sampling points of the inhabited area. The mean SO2 concentration from February 2005 to November 2006 was 0.031 ppm. The area was categorized into 4 areas by SO2 concentration, namely, areas L, H-1, H-2 and H-3, where average SO2 concentrations were 0.019, 0.026, 0.032, and 0.045 ppm, respectively. RESULTS: The study subjects showed no deterioration in lung function. Prevalence of cough and phlegm among all participants were significantly higher in 2006 than in 2004, and age-, sex- and smoking-adjusted odds ratios of cough and phlegm were 1.75 (95%CI 1.33-2.30) and 1.44 (1.12-1.87). Prevalence of chronic bronchitis-like symptoms among normosusceptive subjects in 2006 was 4.1% which was significantly higher than that of 2.1% in 2004 (p=0.035). Compared to area L, the frequencies of phlegm and irritation of the nose were significantly increased in areas H-2 and H-3. CONCLUSION: SO2 exposure-related respiratory symptoms were observed in adult Miyakejima residents after returning to the island

LIDAR OBSERVATION ABOVE SVALBARD, NORWAY IN THE WINTER OF 1996/97 : Characteristics of Backscattering Ratio and Depolarization Ratio of PSC Particles

Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) were performed in the winter of 1996/97 at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Norway (79°N, 12°E). Corresponding to the appearance of an area colder than the estimated frost point of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) above Ny-Alesund, PSCs were observed intermittently. As the temperature is lower than the NAT frost point, the peaks of scattering ratio (R) tend to increase and most PSC layers with large enhancement in R show negative correlation between R and depolarization ratio (δ). This suggests that the PSC layers were composed of liquid or small particles, which showed small values of δ even though the temperature was very low in that height range. During the period when the temperature profile showed large wave-like fluctuations, the detected PSCs varied remarkably in time and space. Heights of R peaks observed during that period did not conincide with the temperature minima which were measured once a day by rawinsonde

Effects of preselection of genotyped animals on reliability and bias of genomic prediction in dairy cattle

Objective Models for genomic selection assume that the reference population is an unselected population. However, in practice, genotyped individuals, such as progeny-tested bulls, are highly selected, and the reference population is created after preselection. In dairy cattle, the intensity of selection is higher in males than in females, suggesting that cows can be added to the reference population with less bias and loss of accuracy. The objective is to develop formulas applied to any genomic prediction studies or practice with preselected animals as reference population. Methods We developed formulas for calculating the reliability and bias of genomically enhanced breeding values (GEBV) in the reference population where individuals are preselected on estimated breeding values. Based on the formulas presented, deterministic simulation was conducted by varying heritability, preselection percentage, and the reference population size. Results The number of bulls equal to a cow regarding the reliability of GEBV was expressed through a simple formula for the reference population consisting of preselected animals. The bull population was vastly superior to the cow population regarding the reliability of GEBV for low-heritability traits. However, the superiority of reliability from the bull reference population over the cow population decreased as heritability increased. Bias was greater for bulls than cows. Bias and reduction in reliability of GEBV due to preselection was alleviated by expanding reference population. Conclusion Cows are easier in expanding reference population size compared with bulls and alleviate bias and reduction in reliability of GEBV of bulls which are highly preselected than cows by expanding the cow reference population