RESULTS OF GERMANY’S CHAIRMANSHIP IN G7: ECONOMIC ASPECT

A new coalition government in Germany came into power at the end of 2021. The paper describes Germany’s 2022 G7 Presidency as a first major foreign policy priority and test. The article considers that this period gave the German government the opportunity to test diverse political initiatives. These include proposals in the economic and climate sphere, in the regulation of the labor market, the prospects for the global agro-industrial complex, and overcoming the consequences of the pandemic. The creation of the Climate Club has become the most ambitious project. In this regard the G7 will unify their environmental standards within the club. It will stimulate the entry into the club of countries that are also taking action to combat climate change. Additionally, we examine the of sectoral communiqués. Analysis showed that Olaf Scholz’s government did not propose any truly breakthrough initiatives. Many key ideas were duplicated from the Elmau summit in 2015. In each sectoral area, financial and military support for the Ukrainian regime was noted in the documents. In the author’s opinion, the strategic move of the German Presidency was to invite the leaders of India and South Africa to a key meeting, as well as to coordinate with the Indonesian G20 Presidency. The author comes to the conclusion that the results of the German presidency are twofold. On the one hand, despite the Ukrainian conflict, attempts have been made to develop the climate agenda. It is emphasized that main issue was the modernization of the WTO. Was put on the other hand, these topics constantly disappeared due to the topics of support for Ukraine. Most likely, the G7 once again demonstrated the soft nature of the organizational structure. The author concludes that main decisions to put pressure on Russia remained in the shadow of the sanctions packages of the European Union

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF RAPPROCHEMENT OF THE EAST AND WEST OF GERMANY

The paper describes actual problem of socio-economic inequality between the East and West of Germany. We examine the analysis of sociological differences between parts of the country in terms of the results of German unity policies, the introduction of coronavirus restrictions, technological equipment and economic potential. All those issues are considered with key works of German literature of recent years on understanding the contradiction «East-West». It is determined that the ongoing intellectual attempts have not overcome the split in the country. Additionally, we examine the federal government’s concept of a «new look to the East» was explored. The results show that as an independent region, for which the western part of the country does not serve as an indisputable reference point. Most likely, in fact, this approach has shifted the focus from the traditionally important internal chronic shortages of new lands in economic power, labor, infrastructure and technology. This problem is particularly relevant in connection with the lack of representation of people from East Germany in key positions in many areas of society and politics. This explains why its that these issues will be considered in a special concept of the federal government, adopted at the beginning of 2023. The second part of the state's efforts is related to changes in approaches to the implementation of regional policy in the country and financing of measures to improve the economic structures of the regions. The author concludes that they are synchronized with the tasks of ensuring energy security and accelerating the transformation at oil refineries and ports in eastern Germany after the cessation of oil and gas supplies from Russia. In this regard, we consider that the continuation of the polycrisis in the country makes a decisive contribution to the growing disillusionment of East Germans in politics. On the example of this analyses, we obtained that they do not reject democracy as such, but are much more critical of political actions than the population of the western part of Germany

Screening of Coulomb Impurities in Graphene

We calculate exactly the vacuum polarization charge density in the field of a subcritical Coulomb impurity, $Z|e|/r$, in graphene. Our analysis is based on the exact electron Green's function, obtained by using the operator method, and leads to results that are exact in the parameter $Z\alpha$, where $\alpha$ is the "fine structure constant" of graphene. Taking into account also electron-electron interactions in the Hartree approximation, we solve the problem self-consistently in the subcritical regime, where the impurity has an effective charge $Z_{eff}$, determined by the localized induced charge. We find that an impurity with bare charge Z=1 remains subcritical, $Z_{eff} \alpha < 1/2$, for any $\alpha$, while impurities with $Z=2,3$ and higher can become supercritical at certain values of $\alpha$.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Analysis of a key exchange protocol based on tropical matrix algebra

In this paper we consider a two party key-exchange protocol proposed by Grigoriev and Shpilrain which uses tropical matrix algebra as a platform. Our analysis shows that the scheme is not secure

PRINCIPLES OF THE "GREEN" ECONOMY IN RUSSIA: CURRENT STATE, COMPARING WITH WORLD EXPERIENCE, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Background: The concept of sustainable development plays an essential role in the functioning of the modern world economy. An important component of this concept is the implementation and financing of "green" and socially-oriented projects. In Russia, this direction is only at the initial stage of its formation, therefore it is important to study it and find ways to accelerate its development. Objective: The purpose of the research is to analyze the current state of sustainable development projects financing in Russia, to identify its features and future prospects, as well as to find the most effective ways for its development. Methods: To accomplish this task, the article analyzes the dynamics of changes and key trends in the global and Russian sustainability financial markets. Their comparative analysis is carried out, the main similarities and differences are highlighted. Results: Attention is paid to both industry and subtypes distribution. The theoretical basis of the sustainable development market formation is also considered, its impact on the ESG agenda in Russia is assessed. In the final part, forecasts are made for the possible development of the international and Russian ESG markets. The most effective ways of evolving the sustainable development concept in Russia are identified. Particular attention is paid to the DeFi technologies introduction possibility to simplify and improve financing mechanisms and the implementation of "green" and socially-oriented projects

Analysis of four protocols based on tropical circulant matrices

Several key exchange protocols based on tropical circulant matrices were proposed in the last two years. In this paper, we show that protocols offered by M. Durcheva [M. I. Durcheva. TrES: Tropical Encryption Scheme Based on Double Key Exchange. In: Eur. J. Inf. Tech. Comp. Sci. 2.4 (2022), pp. 11–17], by B. Amutha and R. Perumal [B. Amutha and R. Perumal. Public key exchange protocols based on tropical lower circulant and anti-circulant matrices. In: AIMS Math. 8.7 (2023), pp. 17307–17334.], and by H. Huang, C. Li, and L. Deng [H. Huang, C. Li, and L. Deng. Public-Key Cryptography Based on Tropical Circular Matrices. In: Appl. Sci. 12.15 (2022), p. 7401] are insecure