Evaluation of Effectiveness of Marketing Communication Mix Elements in Nigerian Service Sector

Creating effective communication with customers is the most important aspect in services marketing. To date we still have poor understanding of the role of effective marketing communication with customers in attracting and maintaining prospective and present customers. This research study assess the effectiveness of advertising and personal selling practices of Nigerian service sector in communicating with its customers with the aim of finding solutions to improve the existing communication and customer satisfaction. After reviewing related literature, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to 200 customers, out of which 25% from the telecommmrications and 15% each from the remaining seven service industries viz banking and insurance, education, travel, tourism, hotel industry and hospital industry used to gather the data about the effectiveness of advertising and personal selling activities. The participants were selected randomly once the service type is determined by stratified sampling. The data collected was analyzed based on predetermined rating factors and expected results of performance with SPSS software package. In conclusion the findings of the analysis showed that Nigerian service sectors advertising and personal selling indicated moderately effective in providing information, creating awareness, changing attitude, ineffective in building company image and enforcing brand loyalty. The research also identified lack of integration between advertising and personal selling

Passenger Air Service in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula: Overview and Analysis

[Excerpt] Rural America needs safe, efficient, reliable, and accessible passenger air service. Federal government subsidies have long been necessary to assure that residents in smaller, less profitable markets have access to the nation’s transportation network. That access is necessary for a community’s economic health, is arguably a right of all taxpayers and residents, and is in public interest. But market forces within the aviation industry are today driving a restructuring that may curtail or eliminate service to many communities in the nation. And the present political climate raises a serious question about the federal government’s continued commitment to the nation’s rural air transportation system. This report focuses on the state of passenger air service in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula [U.P.]. The U.P. is among the most geographically remote areas in the eastern half of the United States. The region’s economic, social, and cultural institutions are increasingly related to a global marketplace. These depend, in varying degrees, on access to the national and global transportation network. Scheduled, commercial passenger air service is especially critical for this area too distant from passenger rail, without adequate commercial bus service, with few four-lane highways and very limited connection to the Interstate Highway system

Alternative Dispute Resolution [ADR] for Workers Compensation in Collective Bargaining Agreements: An Overview

This paper addresses the argued benefits for cost savings and efficiency of alternative dispute resolution [ADR] procedures for workers compensation. Particular focus is on legislative “carve-outs” that authorize collectively-bargained ADR procedures for the construction industry in New York and other states. Given the particular pressure to contain rising workers’ compensation costs—and the burden that these costs represent for the construction industry— ADR procedures are one of the most important advantages of unionized construction and, in particular, Project Labor Agreements [PLAs]. The negotiated alternative procedures, subject to Workers’ Compensation Board [WCB] approval, use an expedited and non-adversarial process that can potentially save considerable project time and costs

On-Demand Employment, Worker Misclassification, and Labor Standards

[Excerpt] On-demand platform work, like other forms of contingent and temporary employment, destabilizes industries, undermines worker protections and living standards, and significantly contributes to wealth and income inequality

Project Labor Agreements in New York State: In the Public Interest

It is especially challenging in these tough economic times for officials within New York City’s and New York State’s many entities to decide how best to use public money for construction and renovation projects. This article is intended to serve as a resource to help officials make better informed decisions about the value of project labor agreements [PLAs]. It also encourages readers to see PLA use within broader objectives of sound public policy. PLAs have been demonstrated to be a very useful construction management tool for cost savings, for on-time, on-budget, and quality construction. But PLAs are not necessarily appropriate for every project. This report reviews the background and legal standards for the appropriate use of PLAs on public works projects in New York City and State. It details what PLAs do, how they have been used, and the benefits they offer — benefits that extend to workforce and economic development. This report also tests the validity of the claims made by PLA opponents that PLAs drive-up construction costs. Focus is on the studies conducted in recent years by the Beacon Hill Institute, a particularly outspoken opponent of PLA use in both the public and private sectors

Replacement of fluid-filter elements without interruption of flow

Gatling-type filter assembly, preloaded with several filter elements enables filter replacement without breaking into the operative fluid system. When the filter element becomes contaminated, a unit inner subassembly is rotated 60 degrees to position a clean filter in the line

La polysémie au service de la polémique : le cas des pamphlets d'Agrippa d'Aubigné

Dans cette étude, au carrefour de la sémantique et de la pragmatique lexicale, je propose une analyse des phénomènes de polysémie dans les pamphlets d'Agrippa d'Aubigné, La Confession catholique du sieur de Sancy et Les Avantures du baron de Faeneste. A partir d'un relevé classé d'occurrences des textes, les plus représentatives, et de leur analyse sémantique, j'ai tenté, en me fondant notamment sur les travaux de Georges Kleiber, de Robert Martin et de Catherine Fuchs, de montrer comment la polysémie participe de l'écriture polémique d'A. d'Aubigné. L'étude s'organise autour de trois parties: dans la première sont étudiées les figures in praesentia, dans la seconde les figures in absentia, une troisième partie se focalisant sur l'utilisation pragmatique de la polysémie dans un contexte de dialogue. Avec les figures in praesentia, qui impliquent la présence dans l'énoncé de deux occurrences d'un même signifiant tout se passe au niveau dénotatif tandis que, prenant appui sur une occurrence unique, les figures in absentia suggèrent une hiérarchisation des sens: au sens dénotatif s'adjoint au niveau connotatif une image associée; dans les deux cas, cependant, la polysémie s'avère l'un des outils linguistiques à partir duquel se construisent des analogies entre des références appartenant à des univers non connexes, ce à des fins polémiques. Les situations de quiproquo générées par la polysémie déplacent le débat du sens des mots ou des références qui leur sont associées aux locuteurs. Outre la mise en évidence de la légitimité des interrogations sur les relations entre la polysémie et d'autres faits linguistiques comme l'homonymie ou la métaphore, l'étude montre comment, par la multiplicité de ses facettes, la polysémie offre à A. d'Aubigné un large éventail de possibilités qu'il exploite pour jeter le discrédit sur la religion catholique et ses tenants ainsi que pour ridiculiser les parvenus.This study takes place at a crossroad where lexical semantics and pragmatic are meeting together. My purpose is an analysis of polysemic phenomena in the two Agrippa d'Aubigné's pamphlets, La Confession catholique du sieur de Sancy and Les Avantures du baron de Faeneste. Based upon the writings of Georges Kleiber, Robert Martin and Catherine Fuchs, the semantic analysis of significative occurrences aims to show how polysemic phenomenons are part of the polemical way of writing of A. d'Aubigné. The study is organized throughout three parts in the first one in praesentia figures are observed, in a second one, in absentia figures, a third one focuses on the pragmatic use of polysemy in a context of dialog. In the case of in praesentia figures, the significant is present in the text throughout two occurrences, so everything takes place at a denotative level. On the contrary, in absentia figures based on only one occurrence, imply a hierarchical organization of the senses: a new connotative image is added to the denotative one. In each case, however, polysemy is a linguistic tool permitting to build analogies between bodies belonging to diverse and non-related universes in a polemical purpose. Situations of mistake due to polysemy shift the debate from the sense of words or associated bodies to speakers. So, as a conclusion, I'll say the study shows the interest of asking questions about the links that exist between polysemy and other linguistic phenomenons as homonymy or metaphor, on the other hand it shows how A. d'Aubigné uses the wide range of possibilities offered by the numerous facets of polysemy to disconsider the roman catholic church, people who believe in it as well, and to make a fool of upstart people