Helmet feedport

A helmet design is described which encapsules the head of the wearer, is capable of being pressurized and provides a means for gaining internal access for the purpose of eating. A mechanically actuated valve that combines the purging of carbon dioxide and feeding operations by a simple movement of a mechanical lever obviates problems that are attendant in the type of feed and purge ports previously incorporated in pressurized helmets

Arbitrarily High Super-Resolving Phase Measurements at Telecommunication Wavelengths

We present two experiments that achieve phase super-resolution at telecommunication wavelengths. One of the experiments is realized in the space domain and the other in the time domain. Both experiments show high visibilities and are performed with standard lasers and single-photon detectors. The first experiment uses six-photon coincidences, whereas the latter needs no coincidence measurements, is easy to perform, and achieves, in principle, arbitrarily high phase super-resolution. Here, we demonstrate a 30-fold increase of the resolution. We stress that neither entanglement nor joint detection is needed in these experiments, demonstrating that neither is necessary to achieve phase super-resolution.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure

The radiation budget in a regional climate model

The aim of this study is a better understanding of radiation processes in regional climate models (RCMs) in order to quantify their impact and to reduce possible errors. A first important task in finding an answer to this question was to examine the accuracy of the components of the radiation budget in regional climate simulations. To this end, the simulated radiation budgets of two regional climate simulations for Europe were compared with a satellite-based reference. In the simulations with the RCM COSMO-CLM there were some serious under- and overestimations of short- and long-wave net radiation in Europe. However, taking into account the differences in the reference datasets, the results of the COSMO-CLM were quite satisfactory. Using statistical methods, the influence of potential sources of uncertainties was estimated. Uncertainties in the cloud cover and surface albedo had a significant impact on uncertainties in short-wave net radiation, the explained variance of uncertainties in cloud cover was two to three times higher than that of uncertainties in surface albedo. Uncertainties in the cloud cover resulted in significant errors in the net long-wave radiation. However, the influence of uncertainties in soil temperature on errors in the long-wave radiation budget was low or even negligible. These results were confirmed in a comparison with simulations of the REMO and ALADIN regional climate models. It is reasonable to expect that a better parameterization of relatively simple parameters such as cloud cover and surface albedo is a means of significantly improving the simulation of radiation budget components in the COSMO-CLM. An important question for the application of RCMs is to examine whether the results of radiation uncertainties and their impact factors are comparable if the model is applied in a region that is not the one for which it was originally created. Comparisons of the simulated radiation budgets of different RCMs for West Africa showed that problems in the simulation of short- and long-wave radiation fluxes were a widespread problem. Most of the tested models showed some considerable under- or overestimation of the short- and long-wave radiation fluxes. Similar to Europe uncertainties in cloud cover were also in the simulations for Africa a significant factor affecting uncertainties in the simulated radiation fluxes. However, for the African simulations uncertainties in the parameterization of surface albedo were much more important than in Europe. On average, overland uncertainties in the cloud cover and surface albedo were of similar importance. Uncertainties in soil temperature simulations were of higher importance in Africa, and reached overland similar values of the mean explained variance (R2 ≈ 0.2) such as uncertainties in the cloud cover. This indicates a geographical dependence of the model error. This study confirmed the assumption that an improved parameterization of relatively simple parameters such as the surface albedo in RCMs leads to a significant improvement in the modeled radiation budget, particularly in Africa. The influence of errors in the simulated radiation budget components on the simulation of climate processes, such as the West-African monsoon (WAM), was investigated in a next step. The evaluation of ERA-Interim and ECHAM5 driven COSMO-CLM simulations for Africa showed that the main features of the WAM were well reproduced by the model, but there were only slight improvements compared to the driving data. The index of convective activity in the model simulations was much too high and precipitation was underestimated in large parts of tropical Africa. The partly considerable differences between the ERA-Interim and ECHAM5 driven simulations demonstrated the sensitivity of the RCM to the boundary conditions and in particular to the sea surface temperature. An excessive northwards shift of the monsoon in the model was influenced by the land-sea temperature gradient and the strength of the Saharan heat low. Consequently, a part of the error was due to the driving data and the model itself produced another part. By modifying the parameterization of the bare soil albedo the errors in the radiation budget and 2 m temperature in the Sahara region were significantly reduced. Similarly, the overesti-mation of precipitation and convection has been reduced in the Sahel. The effect of this modifi-cation on the examined WAM area was low. This confirmed that especially in desert regions, errors in the surface albedo were a driving factor for errors in the radiation budget. However, there are other important factors not yet sufficiently understood that have a strong influence on the quality of the simulation of the WAM. The analysis of the actual state, the quantification of error sources and the highlighting of connections made it possible to find means to reduce uncertainties in the simulated radiation in RCMs and to have a better understanding of radiation processes. However, the magnitude of the errors found, the number of possible influencing factors, and the complexity of interactions, indicate that there is still a need for further research in this area

“ALL MUST COMBINE IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST THE MICROBES” GLOBAL BIOPOLITICS AND TWENTIETH-CENTURY HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS

The following paper explores the rise of global biopolitics by focusing on the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) as pivot points around which an international system transitioned into a global system. The central thesis of the paper is that the LNHO served as the first true site of deployment for global discourses on health and hygiene, not as recent scholarship has suggested, the WHO. The purpose of the paper, however, is to provide an overview of the larger transformation of public health in the twentieth century, beginning with the proliferation of nineteenth-­‐century international health organizations and culminating in the WHO. Central to this argument is the belief that population control is the ultimate end of the modern state, firmly placing discourses on health and hygiene at the nexus of modern politics. At its heart, this paper is about the nature of the modern state in relation to an increasingly global world

Wilsdruff Filter Factory - Example of the Application of Structural PVB Films in the Façade Area

Laminated safety glass with structural PVB interlayer is suitable for a variety of challenging applications in building construction and façade design. Especially in areas with increased static requirements, stiffer interlayer materials are preferred to standard PVB films. This results in a reduction in the number of glass panes or pane thicknesses while maintaining comparable properties. The attainment of relevant safety properties in combination with advantages in both processing and economic terms often allows a more reasonable application than the use of appropriate laminated glass with ionomer interlayers. A new filter factory of a well-known medical technology company is currently being built in Wilsdruff on the outskirts of Dresden. The company's own competence campus is glazed with large-format glass elements. The new building of the Wilsdruff filter factory represents the first application of large-format laminated safety glass panes with structural PVB interlayer under the approach of the shear coupling in Germany. Both the pane sizes of 7.25 m x 2.40 m and the type of two-sided linear support of the façade panes are extraordinary and unique in Germany in this combination. Based on the material properties of the PVB film, the advantages of such elements are demonstrated. It can be seen that projects such as the Wilsdruff filter factory can only be realized in this form by using stiffer interlayers. This project thus demonstrates the possibilities of using such laminated safety glass and thus helps to increase the acceptance of architects, planners and building owners

Submillimetre-sized dust aggregate collision and growth properties

The collisional and sticking properties of sub-mm-sized aggregates composed of protoplanetary dust analogue material are measured, including the statistical threshold velocity between sticking and bouncing, their surface energy and tensile strength within aggregate clusters. We performed an experiment on the REXUS 12 suborbital rocket. The protoplanetary dust analogue materials were micrometre-sized monodisperse and polydisperse SiO2 particles prepared into aggregates with sizes around 120 $\mu$m and 330 $\mu$m, respectively and volume filling factors around 0.37. During the experimental run of 150 s under reduced gravity conditions, the sticking of aggregates and the formation and fragmentation of clusters of up to a few millimetres in size was observed. The sticking probability of the sub-mm-sized dust aggregates could be derived for velocities decreasing from 22 to 3 cm/s. The transition from bouncing to sticking collisions happened at 12.7 cm/s for the smaller aggregates composed of monodisperse particles and at 11.5 and 11.7 cm/s for the larger aggregates composed of mono- and polydisperse dust particles, respectively. Using the pull-off force of sub-mm-sized dust aggregates from the clusters, the surface energy of the aggregates composed of monodisperse dust was derived to be 1.6x10-5 J/m2, which can be scaled down to 1.7x10-2 J/m2 for the micrometre-sized monomer particles and is in good agreement with previous measurements for silica particles. The tensile strengths of these aggregates within the clusters were derived to be 1.9 Pa and 1.6 Pa for the small and large dust aggregates, respectively. These values are in good agreement with recent tensile strength measurements for mm-sized silica aggregates. Using our data on the sticking-bouncing threshold, estimates of the maximum aggregate size can be given. For a minimum mass solar nebula model, aggregates can reach sizes of 1 cm.Comment: 21 pages (incl. 6 pages of appendix), 23 figure

Low-velocity collision behaviour of clusters composed of sub-mm sized dust aggregates

The experiments presented aim to measure the outcome of collisions between sub-mm sized protoplanetary dust aggregate analogues. We also observed the clusters formed from these aggregates and their collision behaviour. The experiments were performed at the drop tower in Bremen. The protoplanetary dust analogue materials were micrometre-sized monodisperse and polydisperse SiO$_2$ particles prepared into aggregates with sizes between 120~$\mu$m and 250~$\mu$m. One of the dust samples contained aggregates that were previously compacted through repeated bouncing. During three flights of 9~s of microgravity each, individual collisions between aggregates and the formation of clusters of up to a few millimetres in size were observed. In addition, the collisions of clusters with the experiment cell walls leading to compaction or fragmentation were recorded. We observed collisions amongst dust aggregates and collisions between dust clusters and the cell aluminium walls at speeds ranging from about 0.1 cm/s to 20 cm/s. The velocities at which sticking occurred ranged from 0.18 to 5.0 cm/s for aggregates composed of monodisperse dust, with an average value of 2.1 cm/s for reduced masses ranging from 1.2x10-6 to 1.8x10-3 g with an average value of 2.2x10-4 g. From the restructuring and fragmentation of clusters composed of dust aggregates colliding with the aluminium cell walls, we derived a collision recipe for dust aggregates ($\sim$100 $\mu$m) following the model of Dominik \& Thielens (1997) developed for microscopic particles. We measured a critical rolling energy of 1.8x10-13 J and a critical breaking energy of 3.5x10-13 J for 100 $\mu$m-sized non-compacted aggregates.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figure

The Suborbital Particle Aggregation and Collision Experiment (SPACE): Studying the Collision Behavior of Submillimeter-Sized Dust Aggregates on the Suborbital Rocket Flight REXUS 12

The Suborbital Particle Aggregation and Collision Experiment (SPACE) is a novel approach to study the collision properties of submillimeter-sized, highly porous dust aggregates. The experiment was designed, built and carried out to increase our knowledge about the processes dominating the first phase of planet formation. During this phase, the growth of planetary precursors occurs by agglomeration of micrometer-sized dust grains into aggregates of at least millimeters to centimeters in size. However, the formation of larger bodies from the so-formed building blocks is not yet fully understood. Recent numerical models on dust growth lack a particular support by experimental studies in the size range of submillimeters, because these particles are predicted to collide at very gentle relative velocities of below 1 cm/s that can only be achieved in a reduced-gravity environment. The SPACE experiment investigates the collision behavior of an ensemble of silicate-dust aggregates inside several evacuated glass containers which are being agitated by a shaker to induce the desired collisions at chosen velocities. The dust aggregates are being observed by a high-speed camera, allowing for the determination of the collision properties of the protoplanetary dust analog material. The data obtained from the suborbital flight with the REXUS (Rocket Experiments for University Students) 12 rocket will be directly implemented into a state-of-the-art dust growth and collision model

Innovative business plan for AR Recruit: recruitment of specialized foreign labor to Denmark

The Danish companies and public institution are experiencing a shortage of labor and are forced to say no to orders or cut in public spending despite growth in the overall economy. Various sectors in Denmark is hit by the fact that there is no natural replacement of workforce in the country, where more and more people are entering their pension age, and the natural replacement of the workforce is not sufficient to accommodate the potential of growth for the companies. The Danish government are talking about making it easier for workforce from outside the European Union to enter the Danish workforce and are looking to change the laws to make it more agile to recruit from outside of the European union. Previously the norm was to recruit people from the European union, but many previous poor countries has experienced higher salary and living standards which makes the recruitment process difficult because the motivation to move has decreased. In this business plan I wish to create a recruitment agency called AR Recruit that are focusing on Argentina to recruit the demanded specialized labor that Denmark needs, this objective is based on culture, educational skills, and the and the overall composition of Argentina's roots in the European history, where waves of immigration from western Europe occurred during the last century. The reason for the cultural focus of the project will be the ease of integration and the retention rate of workers in the Danish work market, due to the fact that previous retention rates primarily with Asian labor has not been successful because of huge cultural differences. The method will be physical recruitment, clarifying the educational level of the potential candidates and selecting from a various set of criteria's the right candidates for the right companies in Denmark. Incorporating a suitable innovative business model to reach the objective of AR Recruit.As empresas e as instituições públicas dinamarquesas estão passando por uma escassez de mão de obra e são forçadas a dizer não à pedidos ou a cortar gastos públicos apesar do crescimento da economia. Vários setores na Dinamarca são atingidos pelo fato de que não há uma substituição natural da força de trabalho, onde mais e mais pessoas estão entrando na idade de aposentadoria e a substituição natural da mão de obra não é suficiente para acomodar o potencial de crescimento das empresas. O governo dinamarquês tem falando em facilitar a entrada da força de trabalho de fora da União Europeia na força de trabalho dinamarquesa e está buscando alterar as leis para tornar mais ágil recrutar de fora da União Europeia. Anteriormente, a norma era para recrutar pessoas da União Européia mas muitos países que anteriormente eram pobres, têm apresentado altos salários e padrões de vida o que dificulta o processo de recrutamento pois a motivação para a mudança tem diminuído. Nesse Plano de Negocio, eu desejo criar uma agência de recrutamento chamada "AR Recruit" que com destaque na Argentina para recrutar a demanda de mão de obra especializada que a Dinamarca precisa, esse objetivo é baseado na cultura, habilidades educacionais, e na composição geral das raízes da Argentina na historia da Europa, onde as ondas de imigração da Europa Ocidental ocorreu durante o século passado. A razão para o foco cultural do projeto será a facilidade de interação e a taxa de retenção de trabalhadores no mercado de trabalho dinamarquês, devido ao fato que as taxas de retenção anteriores, principalmente com mão-de-obra asiática não tem obtido sucesso devido a grande diferença cultural. O método será de recrutamento físico, clarificando o nível educacional de potenciais candidatos e selecionando de vários conjuntos de critérios o candidato certo para a empresa certa na Dinamarca. Incorporando um modelo de negócio inovador adequado para atingir o objetivo da "AR Recruit"