Fabrication of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Its Applications in Drug Delivery

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) are nano-sized particles with a porous structure that offers unique advantages for drug delivery systems. The chapter begins with an introduction to MSNs, providing a definition of these nanoparticles along with a brief historical overview. The distinctive properties of MSNs, such as high surface area, tunable pore size, and excellent biocompatibility, are discussed, highlighting their potential in drug delivery applications. The synthesis methods for MSNs are presented, including template-assisted synthesis, sol-gel method, co-condensation method, and other approaches. The chapter also covers the characterization techniques used for evaluating MSNs, including morphological, structural, and chemical characterization, which are crucial for assessing their quality and functionality. The surface modification of MSNs is explored, focusing on the functionalization of surface groups, attachment of targeting ligands, and surface charge modification to enhance their interactions with specific cells or tissues. The chapter then delves into the diverse applications of MSNs, with a particular focus on drug delivery. The use of MSNs in cancer theranostics, drug delivery, imaging, biosensing, and catalysis is discussed, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize these areas. Furthermore, the toxicity and biocompatibility of MSNs are addressed, covering both in vitro and in vivo studies that evaluate their safety and efficacy

Perspective Chapter: Pharmaceutical Drying

This chapter presents an overview of the perspective chapter on pharmaceutical drying within the context of drug manufacturing. It explores the significance of pharmaceutical drying in ensuring the stability and efficacy of drug products. The chapter begins by defining pharmaceutical drying and emphasizing its importance in the manufacturing process. Various methods of pharmaceutical drying, including air drying, vacuum drying, freeze-drying, and spray drying, are discussed, and a comparison between these methods is provided. Factors that influence pharmaceutical drying, such as physical and chemical properties of the product, drying temperature, drying time, pressure, humidity, and solvent properties, are examined. The chapter also highlights the challenges associated with pharmaceutical drying, including product stability and degradation, loss of potency, residual solvents, and the formation of amorphous or crystalline solids. Strategies to overcome these challenges, such as process optimization, the use of drying aids, control of drying parameters, and formulation considerations, are explored. Quality control measures in pharmaceutical drying, including the monitoring of residual moisture and solvent levels, characterization of dried products, and adherence to regulatory guidelines, are discussed

A HIGH-PERFORMANCE STABILITY-INDICATING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC NOVEL METHOD FOR DETERMINING RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN IN BULK AND DOSAGE FORM: HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR DEFERIPRONE IN DOSAGE FORM

For the simultaneous estimation of Deferiprone in pharmaceutical formulations, a high-performance liquid chromatographic technique that is straightforward, reproducible, and effective was developed. The Advanced Technologies Ltd HPLC system with a UV-2075 UV- Vis detector, P-2080 HPLC pump, and a Hypersil C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm) was used to perform the chromatographic separation. ACN and water make up the mobile phase (55:45 v/v). The solvent system was flowing at a rate of 1.0 ml/min. 4.7 grammes of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate and 1 millilitre of triethyl amine were used as the buffer, and orthophosphoric acid was used to bring the pH of the solution to 4.0 0.05. The sample volume was 20 μl, as well as the temperature range was kept at room temperature. The developed method for simultaneously determining Deferiprone in pharmaceutical formulations was found to be more accurate, precise, and selective

A comparative molecular docking study of crocetin with multiple receptors for the treatment of alzheimer's disease

Background: Crocetin, an active constituent derived from Crocus sativus L. and Gardenia jasminoides, has shown to have multiple pharmacological activities such as memory booster, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective actions. Clinical trials on Saffron extract and a preclinical trial of Crocetin for neurodegenerative diseases directs probable use of Crocin in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Crocin metabolizes into Crocetin after administration. The affinity of Crocetin to different receptor for AD on the basis of molecular docking has not yet been investigated. The present study was aimed to identify the affinity of Crocetin with different receptors involved in Alzheimer's pathogenesis by docking. Autodock Tools (MGL Tools), PYMOL, AutoDock Vina, Discovery studio 2021 client and SwissADME were used. Molecular docking simulation showed significant binding affinity of Crocetin to various receptors. It was found to bind significantly with different receptors like Vitamin D receptor (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol), Receptor for advanced glycation end products (binding energy-7.5 kcal/mol) and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (binding energy-7.4 kcal/mol). The results obtained suggest the usefulness of Crocetin in AD. Context: In this study, we have investigated the binding affinity of Crocetin on different receptors related to AD by performing molecular docking studies. Aim: Determination of binding affinity of Crocetin with different receptors involved in AD. Settings and Design: Auto dock vina, Pymol, Discovery studio, Auto dock Tools, Chemsketch, Swiss ADME. Methods: Molecular docking. Results: The Crocetin was found to have significant binding affinity to different receptors such as Vitamin D receptor (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol), receptor for advanced glycation end products (binding energy-7.5 kcal/mol), and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (binding energy-7.4 kcal/mol). Conclusions: The present study focuses on docking of Crocetin with different receptors related to the treatment of AD. The Crocetin was found to have a significant binding affinity with different receptors like Vitamin D receptor (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol), Receptor for advanced glycation end products (binding energy-7.5 kcal/mol), and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (binding energy-7.9 kcal/mol) while it exhibits moderate binding with receptor-like peroxisome proliferator-activated ϒ receptor (binding energy-7.1 kcal/mol), cannabinoid receptors (binding energy-7.1 kcal/mol) and ryanodine receptor (binding energy-7.0 kcal/mol). It showed the best potential to be developed into an anti-Alzheimer's drug due to its binding with multiple targets. From drug likeliness properties it can be seen that Crocetin can be absorbed by the human body and does not violate the Lipinski rule. Limitations of Study: Theoretical predictions are just consultative and have to be carefully verified by in vivo experiments

DESIGN OF POTENT ANTICANCER MOLECULES COMPRISING PYRAZOLYL- THIAZOLINONE ANALOGUES BY USING MOLECULAR MODELLING STUDIES FOR PHARMACOPHORE OPTIMIZATION

Objectives: Numerous tiny Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors have been reported as anticancer medications over the past ten years. However, a lot of them lack effectiveness in vivo, selectivity, or don't last long before developing resistance. Methods: We used molecular modelling research to improve the pharmacophore in order to get beyond these limitations. For the purpose of linking the chemical makeup of pyrazolyl thiazolinone analogues with their anticancer activity, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) investigations in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) were carried out. Pyrazolyl thiazolinone pharmacophore's stearic, electronic, and hydrophobic requirements were calculated using 3D QSAR. Results: By leveraging the findings of QSAR investigations, the pharmacophore was refined and new chemical entities (NCEs) were generated. The r2 and q2 values obtained for the best model No. 4 of 2D QSAR were 0.9244 and 0.8701, respectively. A drug-like pharmacokinetic profile was ensured by studying the binding affinities of proposed NCEs on EGFR-TK using docking studies and estimating their distribution, metabolism, absorption, and excretion (ADME) features. Conclusion: When statistical significance is closely examined, predictability of the model and its residuals (actual activity minus predicted activity) are found to be close to zero, leading us to draw the conclusion that the logic behind the design of new chemical entities was determined to be sound