Seasonal dynamics of dry matter accumulation and nutrients in a mature miscanthus × giganteus stand in the lower silesia region of poland

Funding: J.C.B. and P.R.H.R. were funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council strategic programme grant on Resilient Crops (BBS/E/W/10963A01).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Automatyczny precyzyjny pomiar załamka P

Introduction. The electrophysiological activity of the heart is registered and presented in form of electrocardiogram (ECG). Precise P-wave measurement is crucial for a proper assessment of signal conduction inside the atria. For the sake of validating the precise manual measurements, the study team has created an automatic software customized for precise P-wave measurements (APPA, automatic precise P-wave assessment). The present study aims to prove that the automatic algorithm has a comparable efficiency in precise P-wave duration measurement. Material and methods. The study group included 72 patients (31 males, 41 females) aged 62,8 ± 14,27, undergoing different electrophysiological procedures. The P-wave was measured twice: first, manually at the paper speed of 200 mm/s, 64–128 × (precise), and second, automatically, with the use of APPA, which filters the signal every 1 millisecond. Results. There are no statistical differences between manual and automatic measurements. The mean difference between the two methodologies is 3.72 ms. The median P-wave duration was negligibly higher for manual measurements in all types of arrhythmia. The biggest difference in measurements was present in patients with atrial fibrillation. The lowest difference was present at the range of 110–130 ms of the P-wave duration. Conclusions. The measurements taken by APPA, and manually are equally precise, which supports the authors’ previous results. Their algorithm presents high reliability of results and can be used for scientific purposes. The structural destruction of atria results in self-hiding of the actual duration of the P-waves in ECG. With higher precision of measurements, the differences between minimal and maximal duration of the P-waves in different leads decrease to negligible values.Introduction. The electrophysiological activity of the heart is registered and presented in form of electrocardiogram (ECG). Precise P-wave measurement is crucial for a proper assessment of signal conduction inside the atria. For the sake of validating the precise manual measurements, the study team has created an automatic software customized for precise P-wave measurements (APPA, automatic precise P-wave assessment). The present study aims to prove that the automatic algorithm has a comparable efficiency in precise P-wave duration measurement.Material and methods. The study group included 72 patients (31 males, 41 females) aged 62.8 ± 14.27, undergoing different electrophysiological procedures. The P-wave was measured twice: first, manually at the paper speed of 200 mm/s, 64–128× (precise), and second, automatically, with the use of APPA, which filters the signal every 1 millisecond.Results. There are no statistical differences between manual and automatic measurements. The mean difference between the two methodologies is 3.72 ms. The median P-wave duration was negligibly higher for manual measurements in all types of arrhythmia. The biggest difference in measurements was present in patients with atrial fibrillation. The lowest difference was present at the range of 110–130 ms of the P-wave duration.Conclusions. The measurements taken by APPA, and manually are equally precise, which supports the authors’ previous results. Their algorithm presents high reliability of results and can be used for scientific purposes. The structural destruction of atria results in self-hiding of the actual duration of the P-waves in ECG. With higher precision of measurements, the differences between minimal and maximal duration of the P-waves in different leads decrease to negligible values

Effect of different sulfur fertilizer doses on the glucosinolate content and profile of white mustard seeds

After nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, sulfur is another essential element that is required for the optimal growth, development and yield of white mustard and other species of the family Brassicaceae. The effect of different pre-sowing sulfur fertilizer doses on the glucosinolate content and profile of three traditional white mustard cultivars that are widely grown in Poland was analyzed in a three-year, small-area field experiment. White mustard was grown in the experimental fields of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences in south-western Poland in 2007-2009. The experiment had a split-plot design with two levels of experimental factors. White mustard cultivar (Metex, Nakielska, Radena) was the first experimental factor, and sulfur fertilizer dose (0, 10, 20, 30 S kg ha-1) was the second experimental factor. The glucosinolate content of white mustard seeds was analyzed by gas chromatography. White mustard seeds were most abundant in sinalbin, an aromatic glucosinolate. The sinalbin content of seeds varied in response to different sulfur fertilizer doses. An increase in the sinalbin concentration was observed already in response to a sulfur dose of 10 kg ha-1 relative to the control treatment. The total content of aliphatic glucosinolates was significantly lowest in the treatment where sulfur fertilization was not applied. The content of aliphatic glucosinolates in white mustard seeds was significantly highest in the treatment fertilized with sulfur at 20 kg ha-1. Weather conditions significantly influenced the total glucosinolate content and the proportions of the analyzed glucosinolate groups in white mustard seeds

Effect of Pod Sealant Application on the Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seed Yield

Field pea is used for human consumption or as livestock feed. The yield of pea seeds can be significantly decreased due to the genetically determined tendency of peas to pod shattering. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pod sealant application on the quantitative and qualitative traits of the seed yield of two pea cultivars: Arwena and Tarchalska grown in south-western Poland in the years 2018–2019. Pod sealant application showed higher values of analysed quantitative and qualitative traits: number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per pod, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, dry matter of seeds, protein content in seeds, and total protein productivity, except the number of seeds per pod. For both years (2018–2019), the interaction of cultivar and pod sealant application showed a significant effect on the number of seeds per plant, total protein content, total protein productivity, and seed weight per pod in 2019. Therefore, the pod sealant application can be a relatively simple way to improve the yielding of field peas

Wielkość i jakość plonu nasion gorczycy białej w zależności od nawożenia siarką

Background. In white mustard cultivation for seeds, in addition to basic NPK fertilization, fertilization with sulphur is of great importance. Sulphur affects the proper use of nitrogen in Brassicaceae and that stimulates their development and yield. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of various sulphur doses on yield quantity and the chemical composition of seeds of three traditional white mustard cultivars. Material and methods. A field experiment was carried out in the years 2007–2009 in the weather conditions of south-west Poland (Lower Silesian Voivodeship). The experiment was set up as a split-plot design. The primary factor was white mustard cultivars: Metex, Nakielska, and Radena. The secondary factor was diversified sulphur doses: 0, 10, 20, and 30 $kg·ha^(-1)$ . Results. The highest white mustard seed yield was obtained from the cultivar Nakielska when fertilized with 10 $kg·ha^(-1) S$ or $20 kg·ha^(-1)S$. The cultivar Nakielska was also characterized by the highest of all the studied cultivars crude fat productivity per 1 ha at the applied fertilization rates of 10 $kg·ha^(-1) S$ and 20 $kg·ha^(-1) S$, and the highest total protein productivity after the application of 20 $kg·ha^(-1) S$. Total protein and crude fat contents in seeds were significantly modified by the weather conditions in the study years. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that in white mustard cultivation for seeds the optimal sulphur dose amounts to circa 10-20 $kg·ha^(-1)$, and that it is necessary for high yield. Also, the high yield-forming potential of the seed cultivar Nakielska was confirmed.W uprawie gorczycy białej na nasiona obok podstawowego nawożenia NPK istotne jest nawożenie siarką. Siarka wpływa na prawidłowe wykorzystanie azotu w roślinach krzyżowych, stymuluje rozwój i plonowanie. Zbadano wpływ różnych dawek siarki na wielkość plonu i skład chemiczny nasion trzech tradycyjnych odmian gorczycy białej. Doświadczenie polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2007–2009 w warunkach agroklimatycznych Polski południowo-zachodniej (woj. dolnośląskie). Doświadczenie założono metodą split-plot. Czynnikiem pierwszego rzędu były odmiany gorczycy białej: Metex, Nakielska i Radena, czynnikiem drugiego rzędu były różne dawki siarki: 0, 10, 20, 30 $kg·ha^(-1)$. Najwyższy plon nasion uzyskano z odmiany Nakielska nawożonej odpowiednio 10 lub 20 $kg·ha^(-1) S$. Spośród wszystkich badanych odmian charakteryzowała się ona także najwyższą wydajnością tłuszczu surowego z 1 ha przy zastosowaniu nawożenia dawką 10 oraz 20 $kg·ha^(-1) S$ oraz najwyższą wydajnością białka ogółem po zastosowaniu 20 kg·ha -1 S. Stwierdzono, że zawartość białka ogółem i tłuszczu surowego w nasionach była istotnie modyfikowana przez przebieg pogody w latach badań. Wykazano, że w uprawie gorczycy białej na nasiona optymalna dawka siarki wynosi około 20 $kg·ha^(-1)$ i jest niezbędna dla wysokiego plonowania. Potwierdzono także duży potencjał plonotwórczy nasiennej odmiany Nakielska

Sowing Date as a Factor Affecting Soybean Yield—A Case Study in Poland

Soybean is the crop of the future, especially for countries with a high demand for food and feed protein. Therefore, soybean cultivation is moving north to countries at higher latitudes, where temperatures, photoperiodism, and rainfall distribution are not always able to meet soybean requirements. The aim of this study was to evaluate three sowing dates as a factor influencing soybean cultivars yield and seed chemical composition in agroclimatic conditions of south-western Poland. In the years 2016–2019, a field experiment was conducted in Lower Silesia region, near Wroclaw, with three sowing dates: early (mid-April), 10-day delayed (at the turn of April and May), and 20-day delayed (first half of May), and two soybean cultivars: Merlin and Lissabon. In this location, soybean sowing is recommended in mid-April, possibly at the turn of April and May. The cultivars tested differed in yield and yield component values in the years of research, but generally, the Lissabon was better suited to local conditions. Results were discussed with findings of other domestic research, to investigate the problem of the soybean sowing date in Poland. The recommended sowing date for soybean was found to vary from region to region. These differences are due to the length of the growing season in each location and the varied adaptation of cultivars to the local climatic conditions

The Influence of Three Years of Supplemental Nitrogen on Above- and Belowground Biomass Partitioning in a Decade-Old Miscanthus × giganteus in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Poland)

Because of the different opinions regarding nitrogen (N) requirements for Miscanthus × giganteus biomass production, we conducted an experiment with a set dose of nitrogen. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the biomass yield, water content, and morphological features of rhizomes and aboveground plant parts in various terms during a growing season over the course of three years (2014–2016) in Lower Silesia (Wroclaw, Poland). The nitrogen fertilization (dose 60 kg/ha and control) significantly affected the number of shoots (p = 0.0018), the water concentration of rhizomes (p = 0.0004) and stems (p = 0.0218), the dry matter yield of leaves (p = 0.0000), and the nitrogen uptake (p = 0.0000). Nitrogen fertilization significantly affected the nitrogen uptake in all plant parts (p = 0.0000). Although low levels of nitrogen appeared to be important in maintaining the maximum growth potentials of mature Miscanthus × giganteus, the small reductions in the above- and belowground biomass production are unlikely to outweigh the environmental costs of applying nitrogen. More studies should use the protocols for the above- and belowground yield determination described in this paper in order to create site- and year-specific fertilizer regimes that are optimized for quality and yield for autumn (green) and spring (delayed) harvests

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Dynamics of Concentration and Uptake of Selected Microelements in the Biomass of Miscanthus x giganteus

This paper presents the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the concentration of selected micronutrients as an important issue in reducing combustion-induced air pollution. We studied the effects of the dose of 60 kg ha−1 N in different terms of biomass sampling on the concentration and uptake of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in the dry matter of the underground and aerial parts of Miscanthus x giganteus in the years 2014–2016. The order of microelement concentrations (mg kg−1) in rhizomes and the aboveground parts of plants was as follows: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. N fertilization had no significant effect on the concentrations of the selected microelements in the Mischanthus biomass (except for the Mn concentration in the stems and Cu in the leaves). The results indicated that the quality of the combustion biomass did not worsen under nitrogen fertilization. During the whole vegetation period, the iron concentration increased in the rhizomes and decreased for Zn and Cu. In the aboveground parts of the plant, the concentrations of all tested elements decreased. In turn, the uptake of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu (except for Fe in the stems) by rhizomes and the aboveground parts of Mischanthus depended significantly on the N fertilization

Content and Uptake of Ash and Selected Nutrients (K, Ca, S) with Biomass of Miscanthus × giganteus Depending on Nitrogen Fertilization

Fertilisation has a significant impact not only on the yielding, but also on the quality of the harvested biomass. Among energy crops, Miscanthus × giganteus are some of the most important plants used for combustion process. The chemical composition of biomass has significant impact on the quality of combustion biomass. The effect of nitrogen fertilisation (with dose of 60 kg N ha−1) in different terms of biomass sampling on the content and uptake of crude ash, potassium, calcium and sulphur by rhizomes, stems, leaves and the aboveground part of miscanthus was evaluated in the paper. Nitrogen fertilisation contributed to the increase of ash content in the rhizomes and the aboveground part of plants. Independently of nitrogen fertilisation potassium content decreased in the whole vegetation period; in the case of stems this decrease amounted 60%. Calcium content in various parts of plants was highly differentiated compared to potassium content. Average calcium content in the aboveground parts was 2.68 higher compared to rhizomes. Nitrogen fertilisation affected significantly on potassium, calcium and sulphur uptake in all examined parts of plants (except stems in the case of calcium uptake). Uptake of crude ash under nitrogen fertilisation was significantly higher in all examined parts of plants during the whole vegetation period

The reaction of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. to the application of TS series stimulators

A field experiment to assess the response of soybean to the application of TS series stimulators was set up as complete blocks design with four replications. The investigated factor was growth stimulators (seed dressing – TS Osivo and foliar – TS Samson) produced by the Czech company BEIDEA s.r.o., com-pared to the control (without a stimulator). The reason behind the study was the lack of domestic reports regarding the impact of the use of TS series stimulators on the growth, development and morphological agronomic traits and yields of legume crops. The field trials were carried out in 2018–2019 at the Research Station operated by the Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, located in the district of Wrocław – Pawłowice (Dolnośląskie voivode-ship). The tested crop was soybean, cultivar Abelina (maturity group 000 ++, breeder Saatbau Linz).Soybean seed dressing with TS Osivo stimulator caused an acceleration of germination and emergence phases from 2 to 4 days compared to the control treat-ment (water). The use of TS series stimulators in soybean culti-vation contributed, in comparison to the control, to a significant increase (by 7.5%) in the plant height before harvest. Simultane-ously, an increase in the height of first pod was observed, which reduces seed losses during harvest. Seed treatment with the TS Osivo stimulator increased seed yield by 5.8% compared to con-trol treatment (without application). Spraying soybean with TS Samson stimulator increased the seed yield by 8.6%. In practice, in order to achieve an increase in soybean seed yield it is recom-mended to apply pre-sowing seed treatment with TS Osivo stimu-lator or foliar application of TS Samson