Social CRM and customer relationship performance: A bibliometric analysis of literature

The integration of Social CRM into customer relationship management strategies marks a pivotal shift for businesses aiming to enhance their engagement with customers. This article focuses on a Systematic Quantitative Literature Review (SQLR) and bibliometric analysis of research works concerning CRM and customer relationship performance conducted over the past decade. The bibliometric analysis results indicate an increase in publications in this field. Additionally, certain authors stand out prominently due to a significant number of citations or a substantial volume of published documents over the last decade. Furthermore, publications in this domain reveal that European countries lead in terms of publication count, followed by Asian countries and the United States. However, it is noteworthy that there is an almost complete absence of such studies in African countries, particularly in Morocco

Characteristics of CuInS2 thin films synthesizes by chemical spray pyrolysis

International audienceCuInS2 multi-component semiconductors thin films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis at different deposition conditions. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the films were investigated. Samples were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, spectrophotometric and the 4-point probe method. Raman spectra indicate that the sprayed thin films are grown only with CH-ordering. Optical analysis by means of transmittance T(λ) and absorption A(λ) measurements in the wavelength range between 550 and 850 nm allow us to determine the direct band gap energy. Resistivity studies of the samples revealed that HK-S1 was less resistive than the other samples

The optical parameters of CuInS2 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis method for photovoltaic applications

International audienceIn this work, CuInS2 (CIS) thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis method, and optical properties were investigated. CuInS2 in the form of films is prepared at different deposition conditions by a simple and economical spray pyrolysis method. Optical constants such as band gap Eg, extinction coefficient k, refractive index n, and dielectric constants e1 and e2 were determined from the measured transmittance and absorption spectra in the wavelength range between 550-850 nm. Furthermore, the optical band gap values were calculated by the Tauc model. The absorption spectra of the films showed that this compound is a direct band gap material. The major result of this study is optical properties of CuInS2. © 2015 IEEE

Copper indium gallium disulphide (CuInGaS 2) thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis for solar cells: Influence of deposition time in controlling properties of sprayed CuInGaS 2 absorbers

International audienceCuInGaS2 (CIGS) multi-component semiconductors thin films were elaborated by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates using different spray times. The structural, optical and electrical properties of CuInGaS2 thin films were investigated. The obtained films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy (RS), UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Hall Effect measurement. Thin films were formed by varying deposition time in the range, 30–50 min, keeping other deposition parameters as constant. The X-ray spectra revealed that the CuInGaS2 thin films have chalcopyrite structures with a highly (112) preferential orientation. The best crystallinity is obtained for HK-50 the maximum (112) peak intensity. RS also confirmed this structure. Optical constants such as band gap (Eg), extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), dielectric constants (εr) and (εi) and optical conductivity (σo p t) were calculated from the measured transmittance and absorption spectra in the wavelength range between 550 and 900 nm. The bulk concentration, mobility (μ), conductivity (σ), resistivity (ρ) and conduction type of thin films obtained at different deposition times were determined using Hall Effect measurements. It has been observed that the optimum time of spray was 50 min for best performed CuInGaS2 thin films with low resistivity and high mobility. Deposition time has been discussed to obtain the high quality thin film absorbers for solar cell applications. Here, we report a study on structural, optical and electrical properties of CuInGaS2 films grown by chemical spray pyrolysis in view of its application as an absorber in thin film solar cells. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York

Long-term aging of CVD grown 2D-MoS2 nanosheets in ambient environment

International audienceA chemically vapor deposited MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) is aged in the laboratory at ambient and at 40% average humidity for similar to 36 months. Nanorods of few microns in length and few nanometers in diameter are found to grow from the MoS2 seeds. They have been growing as a result of the chemical reaction between the MoS2 NSs and ambient O-2 and moisture, they exhibit an amorphous phase structure in the stoichiometric form of MoO3. Density functional theory simulations further reveal the role of H2O and O-2 in the transformation of the MoS2 NSs. The adsorption energy of O-2 molecules on the MoS2 sites is E-ad = -1.09 eV as compared to lowest absolute E-ad = -0.10 eV of H2O indicating the favorable adsorption of O-2 and subsequent Mo oxidation. This study provides valuable insight into the aging phenomenon of MoS2 exposed to O-2 and moisture which might limit their application

Some physical parameters of CuInGaS2 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis for solar cells

International audienceCopper–indium–gallium–disulphide (CuInGaS2) is a promising absorber material for thin film photovoltaic. In this paper, CuInGaS2 (CIGS) thin films have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method onto glass substrates at ambient atmosphere. Structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of CuInGaS2 films were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Hall Effect measurement, respectively. The films exhibited single phase chalcopyrite structure. The strain and dislocation density decreased with increase of spray time. The grain size of the films increased from 4.45 to 9.01 nm with increase of spray time. The Raman spectrum indicated the presence of the principal chalcopyrite peak at 295 cm- 1. The optical properties of the synthesized films have been carried out through the measurement of the absorbance spectrum. The optical band gap was estimated by the absorption spectrum fitting (ASF) method. For each sample, the width of the band tail (ETail) of CuInGaS2 thin films was determined. The resistivity (ρ), conductivity (σ), mobility (μ), carrier concentration and conduction type of the films were determined using Hall Effect measurements. The interesting optical properties of CuInGaS2 make them an attractive material for photovoltaic devices. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Gas Sensors Based on Exfoliated g-C3N4 for CO2 Detection

We report on the investigation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor applications. g-C3N4 is prepared by the thermal polycondensation of thiourea and sprayed onto a substrate with interdigitated electrodes. The resulting sensor device exhibited a high sensitivity to CO2 molecules of ~200 ppm, a high responsivity of ~730 ms at 40 °C and a full recovery time of 36 s. Furthermore, a set of various characterization measurements demonstrated the excellent stability of both the g-C3N4 nanosheets and the fabricated gas sensor device. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the bulk and monolayer models, based on tri-s-triazine, revealed the optoelectronic properties of g-C3N4 and the interaction energy with CO2, which is evaluated at −0.59 eV. This value indicates the very good affinity of g-C3N4 nanosheets to CO2 molecules. Our findings shed light on the potential for g-C3N4 to be used for the development of high-performing gas sensor devices

Gas Sensors Based on Exfoliated g-C₃N₄ for CO₂ Detection

We report on the investigation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor applications. g-C3N4 is prepared by the thermal polycondensation of thiourea and sprayed onto a substrate with interdigitated electrodes. The resulting sensor device exhibited a high sensitivity to CO2 molecules of ~200 ppm, a high responsivity of ~730 ms at 40 °C and a full recovery time of 36 s. Furthermore, a set of various characterization measurements demonstrated the excellent stability of both the g-C3N4 nanosheets and the fabricated gas sensor device. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the bulk and monolayer models, based on tri-s-triazine, revealed the optoelectronic properties of g-C3N4 and the interaction energy with CO2, which is evaluated at −0.59 eV. This value indicates the very good affinity of g-C3N4 nanosheets to CO2 molecules. Our findings shed light on the potential for g-C3N4 to be used for the development of high-performing gas sensor devices

Structural and Optical Characterization of Porous NiV₂O₆ Films Synthesized by Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis for Photodetector Applications

NiV2O6 thin films were grown on glass slides with varying thicknesses using nebulizer spray pyrolysis. The impact of thickness on the thin films’ optical, structural, morphological, and electrical characteristics was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman analysis confirmed the formation of the triclinic NiV2O6 system. Surface morphology and roughness variations in the as-deposited NiV2O6 films were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a profilometer. Optical properties, including optical band gap (Eg), extinction coefficient (k), absorption coefficient (α), and refractive index (n), were determined through optical reflectance and transmittance measurements. The optical energy gap of the as-deposited NiV2O6 films decreased from 2.02 eV to 1.58 eV with increased layer thickness. Furthermore, the photo-detectivity of the films demonstrated an enhancement corresponding to the prolonged spray time. The sensitivity values obtained for visible irradiation were 328, 511, and 433 for samples S1, S2, and S3, respectively. The obtained results can be imputed to the specific porous microstructure

Recent Progress in the Synthesis of MoS2 Thin Films for Sensing, Photovoltaic and Plasmonic Applications: A Review

International audienceIn the surge of recent successes of 2D materials following the rise of graphene, molybdenum disulfide (2D-MoS2) has been attracting growing attention from both fundamental and applications viewpoints, owing to the combination of its unique nanoscale properties. For instance, the bandgap of 2D-MoS2, which changes from direct (in the bulk form) to indirect for ultrathin films (few layers), offers new prospects for various applications in optoelectronics. In this review, we present the latest scientific advances in the field of synthesis and characterization of 2D-MoS2 films while highlighting some of their applications in energy harvesting, gas sensing, and plasmonic devices. A survey of the physical and chemical processing routes of 2D-MoS2 is presented first, followed by a detailed description and listing of the most relevant characterization techniques used to study the MoS2 nanomaterial as well as theoretical simulations of its interesting optical properties. Finally, the challenges related to the synthesis of high quality and fairly controllable MoS2 thin films are discussed along with their integration into novel functional devices