Anogenital Warts: New Opportunities for Prevention and Treatment

The study aims at evaluating the efficacy of combined administration of imiquimod 5% crème and human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent recombinant vaccine in order to achieve a long‐term clinical remission in patients with chronic HPV infection manifested in condyloma accuminata (CA) of the anogenital area. The study enrolled 36 subjects aged 26.4 (4.1) years (including 22 men) with one to five condyloma accuminata of the anogenital area. Study participants were vaccinated with human papillomavirus quadrivalent recombinant vaccine using a 0–2–6‐month regimen with concomitant administration of imiquimod 5% crème applied three times per week for not more than 16 weeks. Patients were monitored over 2 years. Complete disappearance of condyloma accuminata was observed in 34 out of 36 subjects (94.4%) after 1 year from the start of treatment. Two patients still having condyloma accuminata of the anogenital area after 1 year of combination treatment underwent a successful course of treatment with Solcoderm (one patient for 1 year 3 months and the other for 1 year 4 months), which resulted in complete disappearance of condyloma accuminata. Within 2‐year period, no recurrence of condyloma accuminata of the anogenital area has been observed

Effect of vitamin D and interferon α-2b on cytokine profile in pregnant women with vaginal infections

A study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of vitamin D and interferon α-2b preparations on cytokine profile in pregnant women with vaginal infections. It was shown that pregnant women with vs. without bacterial vaginosis were featured with low vitamin D level in 53.8–60.5% cases. Administration of vitamin D and interferon α-2b preparations in combination with antibacterial therapy in pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis conferred anti-inflammatory effect resulting in normalized IL-8 level corresponding to that one in healthy subjects. Use of vitamin D altered interferon status and augmented antimicrobial activity in pregnant women confirmed by reduced rate of ARI episodes

The Impact of Adjuvanted and Non-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines on the Innate and Adaptive Immunity Effectors

To date, the advantage of adjuvanted over non-adjuvanted vaccines in the specific antibodies formation is proved. However, cellular mechanisms, including parameters of the innate immunity, involved in the vaccine-induced immune response are not well studied. The human study of inactivated vaccines showed that both subunit vaccine and split vaccine induced cellular immune response, but adjuvanted vaccine containing Polyoxidonium had the greatest potential. Despite the fact that influenza vaccines must activate endosomal receptors, they cause non-specific activation of the surface TLRs. They can trigger intracellular signals leading to the induction of antiviral mechanisms and to the activation of the body’s protective resources against microbial infections. To assess the immunological efficacy of adjuvanted vaccines and humoral reactions to vaccination it is necessary to evaluate activation of cellular mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity

Approaches to vaccine prophilaxis of respiratory infections in patients with diabetes mellitus in the modern epidemiological situation

This review highlights the problems of vaccine prophylaxis of pneumococcal infection and influenza in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (CD1 and CD2). The features of pneumococcal infection and influenza in conditions of unsatisfactory compensation of the disease are described. The necessity of protection against pneumococcal infection and influenza in the modern epidemiological situation is justified. Results of efficacy and safety of vaccination, including those in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, are established. The existing foreign and domestic regulatory documents on vaccine prevention of actual infections are shown.Despite the available documents on vaccination of patients with diabetes, there are problems with inadequate immunization coverage of patients with CD1 and CD2 due to the lack of precise clinical recommendations for the management of these categories both inpatient and outpatient as these recommendations do not cover the questions of vaccine prophylaxis. In Russian studies only the treatment regimens are evaluated without taking into account the fact that vaccines are related to medicines and that the prevention of respiratory infections is a curative measure and can inhibit the development of complications of diabetes.It is necessary to coordinate the work of general practitioners, pediatricians, therapists and the efforts of endocrinologists to increase the coverage of immunization of patients with various forms of diabetes mellitus

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Clinical and Immunological Effects of Mono-Vaccination Against Influenza Using an Immunoadjuvant Vaccine of a New Class Versus Combined Administration S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Influenza Vaccines

In Russian Federation, 27,300,000–41,200,000 acute upper and lower respiratory infections are reported annually. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at higher risk of severe course, complications, and lethal outcomes of influenza. About 30% of COPD exacerbations are due to viral infections, and influenza A and B viruses are among the most common causes. The aim of our study was to assess exacerbation rate, number of courses of antibiotic chemotherapy, pulmonary function, and immunological effects of mono-vaccination with a new immunoadjuvant influenza vaccine vs. combined vaccination against pneumococcal infection, Hemophilus type b infection, and influenza in COPD patients. Both complex vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and influenza and mono-vaccination with a new immunoadjuvant influenza vaccine led to statistically significant reduction in the number of COPD exacerbations and of antibiotic chemotherapy courses. Based on the obtained results, widespread implementation of mono-vaccination against influenza with a new immunoadjuvant influenza vaccine, as well as complex vaccination against bacterial respiratory infections and influenza can be recommended for COPD patients, as vaccination is beneficial for their functional status, that is, improves forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and 6-minute walk test results. In our study, we evaluated immunogenicity of the new influenza immunoadjuvant vaccine administered as mono-vaccine to COPD patients in accordance with Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) requirements

Measles vaccination of children born to HIV-infected mothers (clinical and immunological aspects)

Vaccination of children born to HIV-infected mothers in accordance with the national Calendar of preventive vaccinations represents an important issue. Upon that, measles incidence rate especially among unvaccinated children has been substantially elevated. Use of live measles vaccine in both HIV-infected children and mothers has some features primarily due to HIV-associated immunocompromised state that was poorly investigated. Here we monitored 212 children aged 12–36 months born to HIV-infected women, 184 HIV-negative children born to HIVinfected women who were included into the group with the diagnosis “Perinatal HIV contact” (R75) after verification. In addition, 28 children were included into the group” HIV infection “(B23), whereas 42 children — into the control group. Live measles vaccine was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 ml. All children were followed up for 36 weeks. HIV status, measles antibodies level by measured by ELISA and RPG methods, as well as total immunoglobulin A, M, G classes and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ lymphocyte counts were examined. No post-vaccination complications or severe vaccine-induced reactions were reported in HIV-infected patients group. A satisfactory course of the vaccine process in all children born to HIV-infected mothers was observed that did not significantly differ from that one in control group. Children with perinatal HIV contact are able to respond adequately to vaccination with live measles vaccine. The number of children with conditionally protective antibody levels, still remaining seronegative among children with perinatal HIV contact (R75) was comparable to that one in healthy control group. At the same time, children with perinatal HIV contact were shown to display protective antibody level after administering live measles vaccine only in 36.4% of cases, whereas the remainder (63.6%) demonstrated a conditionally protective antibody level or lack it (compared to 76% of children with perinatal HIV contact). Children with perinatal HIV infection who did not respond to the first administered live measles vaccine produced low amount of antibodies after re-vaccination. Seroconversion was observed in up to 68% of cases, whereas protective antibody level was found in up to 33.6% of child ren. On the contrary, children from the perinatal HIV contact group were shown to have protective antibody level in 69.6% of cases upon seroconversion rate reaching 91.3% that did not differ them from those in control group. In the post-vaccination period, suppressive modality of immune reaction tended to increase indirectly evidenced by increased percentage of CD8+ T cell subset

IgE-ОТВЕТ ПОСЛЕ ВВЕДЕНИЯ ПАНДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ ВАКЦИНЫ ШТАММА А/CALIFORNIA/7/2009 (Н1N1)v

Changes in total and allergy-specific IgE (IgE-antibodies) in 70 healthy volunteers vaccinated with influenza vaccine subunit strain A/California/7/2009/(H1N1). Safety of this vaccine was shown. Repeated second dose administration is not accompanied by increase in IgE-antibodies to egg components. Vaccine injection results in decrease of total IgE in patients with elevated IgE at baseline. В статье представлена оценка изменения общих и аллергоспецифических IgE-антител у 70 здоровых волонтеров, привитых вакциной гриппозной субъединичной, штамм А/California/7/2009/(H1N1). Показано, что вакцина безопасна. Установлено, что двукратное введение вакцины не сопровождается нарастанием титра IgE-антител к тканевым компонентам куриного яйца. Также отмечено, что введение препарата сопровождается снижением общего IgE у лиц с исходно повышенным показателем.

Comparative effect of immunomodulators on the contents of hydrolase inhibitors and lactoferrin in community-acquired pneumonia in adults

The  purpose  of our  study  was to  examine the  effect  of immunomodulators (broncho-vaxom, immunovac-VP4 vaccine  and polyoxidonium) upon  the kinetics  of serum hydrolase inhibitors and lactoferrin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The  study included 71 CAP  patients at the age of 18 to 70 years. The  patients were divided  into  4 groups:  Group I (15 people)  was a control group  treated with basic antibacterial and  symptomatic therapy, according to the standard treatment regimen, without use of immunomodulators; the  patients from  group  II  (19  patients) were  additionally administered bronchovaxom (the  drug was prescribed upon  admission: 1 course  over 30 days, then  2 rounds  for 10 days each,  with an interval  in 20 days); group III  (20 cases) contained the patients who additionally received  polyoxidonium (the drug was prescribed from the 1st day of hospitalization, 6 mg daily i/m  for 3 days, then  10 injections over 10 days); group IV (17 cases): Immunovac-VP4 vaccine  was administered orally 4 ml and intranasally 2 drops on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 19, 25, 31, along  with antibacterial and  symptomatic therapy. This  vaccine  consists of  antigens   from  opportunistic microorganisms (a  multicomponent  mixture of  water-soluble antigens   of S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris, E. coli). Serum  concentrations of α2-macroglobulin and α1-antitrypsin hydrolase inhibitors were determined by the method of quantitative immunoelectrophoresis using the research test systems; lactoferrin (LF)  levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial test systems. These  indicators were studied  in blood serum  before treatment, on the 2nd, 13th, and 60th   days of observation. It was shown that administration of immune modulators combined with antibiotic therapy  in patients with CAP can affect the kinetics of acute phase inflammatory proteins. The effect of broncho-vaxom corresponds to the classical pathway of the response to inflammatory process, i.e., activation of complex of positive acute phase reactants (α1-antitrypsin and  lactoferrin) and  inhibition (blocking) of negative  acute  phase  reactants (α2macroglobulin). Polyoxidonium has a noticeable effect only upon neutrophils secreting lactoferrin. ImmunovacVP4 promotes only short-term secretion of this protein. One may assume that activation of hydrolase inhibitors and lactoferrin after use of immunotropic drugs enhances clinical effect of therapy, with decreased severity and duration of symptoms, as well as lower exacerbation risk of chronic diseases and lesser volume  of drug intake. Antibacterial therapy  does not significantly  affect the kinetics of acute phase inflammation reactants in patients with CAP.  Administration of immunomodulators in combination with standard basic therapy  may affects the inflammatory process to different  degree,  thus, in turn,  leading to improved prognosis  in this disease

Application of bacterial therapeutic vaccine Immunovac-VP4 in the treatment of pollinosis

In-depth study of the function and structure of the lymphoid tissue of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract opens wide opportunities for the use of mucosal vaccines to improve immunity to various infectious agents. One such drug is The immunovac-VP4 vaccine containing pathogen-associated molecular structures (PAMSs) of microorganisms. They are the antigens of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Discovered in many studies and experiments, the ability of the vaccine to induce innate immunity provides opportunities for prevention and treatment of both infections and allergic diseases, because it promotes the switching of Th2 immune response to Th1. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of the complex use of bacterial therapeutic vaccine Immunovac-VP4 and allergen-specific immune therapy (ASIT) in pollinosis in children and adults. Materials and methods. Bacterial therapeutic vaccine Immunovac-VP4 was used annually, nasal and oral administration in patients before the course of ASIT standardized aqueous-salt solutions of allergens. Results. The therapeutic application of bacterial vaccines, Immunoac-ВП4 before the course ASIT has helped to reduce the frequency of acute respiratory infections in 8,5 times in comparison with the control group. Clinical efficacy of complex treatment according to the results of the survey of patients in 7 years after the start of therapy was 90%. There was a significant decrease In IgG4 to causally significant allergens, General immnunoglobulin E (IgE) and a tendency to decrease IgE. Conclusion. The use of bacterial therapeutic vaccine Immunovac-VP4, which is a natural ligand of toll-like receptors in combination with ASIT, seems to be an effective and promising direction in the treatment of allergic diseases