Liver damage caused by hepatitis C viral infection and ethyl alcohol consumption

Background/Aim. Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is a complex disease, most commonly chronicle (80-85%). The aim of this research was to determinate the level of the liver damage in the patients cansed by HCV in conjunction with consuming ethyl alcohol. Methods. The research included 15 patients with chronic HCV infection supported by the misuse of ethyl alcohol, as well. The diagnosis of C infection hepatitis was proved using the ELISA test and PCR method. Results. The results of the study showed the liver damage by both HCV infection and ethyl alcohol, which was verified by the presence of biochemical changes and patohystological processing of the patients (liver biopsy and prosection). Patohystological changes were at the level of liver cirrhosis and carcinoma (2 patients). There was a signficant difference between the two subgroups (p < 0.001) regarding the examined values γ-GT, PLT and PTV. The basic therapeutic procedure was to introduce this category of patients into alcohol abstinence, and, in a few patients, to apply the antivirus therapy, as well. Conclusion. Based on the number of the examined patients (n = 15), we could conclude that a prolonged ethyl alcohol misuse with the presence of HCV infection was in a correlation with the liver disease progression

Winter destinations hotels performance measurement practice - evidence from CEE

This study offers insight into the performance measurement practice of winter destination hotels in Bosnia. The research was conducted through face-to-face interviews with hotel owners, managing directors and managers. In the metrics measurement structure, financial metrics dominate, but hotels use non-financial metrics to a significant extent as well. The results point to the existence of differences in performance measurement of hotels of different income and sales growth. Moreover, the research highlights that managers mostly assess the usefulness of both organizational and operational metrics as above average. Unlike performance measurement, the managers’ attitudes differ only with hotels of different sales growth

Research of indirect advertising in video game industry

Product placement or indirect advertising, and video games are two very current themes. There are more and more video game users in the world, and fewer are those who have confidence in traditional forms of advertising. In order to reach a larger number of consumers, product placement is increasingly used today, and product placement in video games is becoming an increasingly attractive field of action. Although there are numerous studies in the field of the application of product placement in video games, authors have so far not been concerned with studying the way different motivation for playing influences the acceptance of product placement and whether, depending on the type of motivation, the effects of product placement would be different. This will allow better targeting of video game players and increasing product placement efficiency in video games. This paper examines whether different categories of primary motivation can affect the product placement effects, and whether players' attitudes towards product placement differ, depending on the primary motivation

Proizvodnja, prijem i dorada semena soje u 2017. godini

Compared to the 2016 growing season, in which the record soybean production was achieved owing to exceptional environmental conditions, the 2017 growing season cannot be considered favourable to soybean seed production. The start of the 2017 growing season was marked by heavy rainfall and the air temperature levels at a multi-year average. Conversely, dry weather with high air temperatures at the time of pod formation and subsequent seed filling had a negative effect on yield formation, resulting in an average soybean yield of about 1.5 t/ha, i.e. more than 50 % lower than the yield obtained in 2016. The 2017 soybean harvest started in late August and ended during September. The seed moisture recorded in post-harvest seeds ranged from 7.1 % to 13.9 %. Seed germination ability was found to be greater than 85 % in most of the post-harvest seeds. Soybean seed processing has been carried out in a timely manner, without major disturbances.Za razliku od rekordne proizvodnje soje u 2016. godini, koju su pratili izuzetno povoljni klimatski uslovi spoljne sredine, za 2017. ne može se reći da je pogodovala proizvodnji ove biljne vrste. Zbog veoma hladnog i kišnog proleća, period klijanja i nicanja značajno je produžen, međutim, zahvaljujući kvalitetnom semenu, usevi su dobro ponikli, pri čemu su ostvareni željeni sklopovi. Početak vegetacionog perioda obeležen je obilnijim padavinama i temperaturom vazduha koja je bila na nivou višegodišnjeg proseka. Međutim, period formiranja mahuna i kasnije nalivanja semena (kritični period) bio je sušan i praćen visokim temperaturama vazduha, što je imalo negativne posledice po formiranje prinosa. Zbog toga je ostvareni prosečni prinos soje od oko 1,5 t/ha bio manji za više od 50% u odnosu na 2016. godinu. Žetva soje započela je krajem avgusta meseca, a ovaj posao završen je tokom septembra. Vlažnost požnjevenog semena bila je u rasponu od 7,1% do 13,9%. Ipak, najveći deo semena zaprimljen je u doranim centrima sa vlažnošću između 9% i 12%, što je jako važno s obzirom na mehaničke osobine semena soje. Najveći deo semena požnjeven je sa klijavošću većom od 85%. Na kraju, može se zaključiti da je ostvareni kvalitet naturalnog semena dobar, a da će požnjevena količina semena nakon dorade biti dovoljna za setvu soje u 2018. godini. Dorada semena soje počela je na vreme i bez većih problema. Prve analize kvaliteta dorađenog semena potvrđuju očekivanja da će proizvođači soje ove godine imati na raspolaganju kvalitetno seme

HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AS PREDICTION FACTOR OF DISEASE PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND MILD LIVER STEATOSIS

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Steatosis occurs in almost 50% of patients with CHC, who make a faster progression to cirrhosis. The "atypical " patients are registred too, with normal values of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, body weight having non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and CHC. The hsCRP levels rise before and simultaneously with the chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis progression, therefore, it is a useful prognostic parameter. According to our knowledge, there are no sufficient data concerning hsCRP concentrations in CHC patients, although it predicts or detects different grades of cirrhosis. For that reason, the aim of our research was to assess the hsCRP in patients with CHC.The investigation involved 45 patients (28 males and 17 females), mean age 41±15 years, with CHC, without any accompanying disease. The control group consisted of 45 healthy volunteers (22 males, 23 females), mean age 34±10 years. The CHC patients' group was divided into two subgroups, the first, which consisted of 23 patients with evidenced histological signs of mild steatosis, and the second one, comprising 22 patients without the mentioned signs; hsCRP concentrations were measured in each patients' (sub)group.The findings indicate that the hsCRP value had a statistically significant increase in the CHC patients' group compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the CHC and mild liver steatosis patients subgroup, even more statistically significant hsCRP increase occured compared to the other subgroup (p<0.001).It can be concluded, based on the acquired results, that hsCRP should be considered as a CHC progression prognostic factor, in order to make a well-timed and special therapeutic approach to the CHC individuals even more prone to the disease progression

ATYPICAL, CHOLESTATIC FORM OF HEPATITIS A WITH AN EXTRAHEPATIC, CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATION – A CASE REPORT

Hepatitis A sometimes can present through atypical forms and merged extrahepatic manifestations. Most atypical forms include relapsing hepatitis and cholestatic hepatitis. Extrahepatic manifestations of HAV are rare, and include evanescent skin rash and transient arthralgias. A 25-year-old male, previously healthy, developed acute hepatitis. Hepatitis A virus was serologically confirmed. No skin efflorescences were seen at the beginning. Over the course of the illness which extended up to fifteen weeks, bilirubin and aminotransferase levels were continuously highly elevated. Nine weeks after the initial presentation he developed a painless, non-pruritic, purpura-like maculopapular erythematous rash over both lower extremities. Five weeks later, the rash had completely disappeared and the patient’s clinical status much improved. This case demonstrates two unusual and unrelated manifestations: prolonged cholestatic form of hepatitis and cutaneous vasculitis. Possible unusual manifestations of this disease should be a reminder of a brief diagnostic examination, which is usually not done in hepatitis A

Specifičnosti proizvodnje i dorade semena soje u 2019. godini

The soybean harvest in 2019 began at the end of August. The quality of the natural seed was very high. The moisture content of the harvested seeds ranged from 7.1 % to 14.1 %. Thanks to this humidity, there was no need to dry the seeds, which is very important given the fact that drying soybeans can reduce the quality. Seed germination ranged between 82 % and 96 %. It should be noted that 97 % of seeds were harvested with germination greater than 85 % while about 65 % of seeds had germination above 90 %. The weight of 1000 grains averaged about 160 g. Soybean seed processing started on time and without major problems. The purity of the processed seed was on average 99.4 %. Of the total amount of processed seeds, about 72 % of seeds had germination greater than 85 %. The achieved seed quality was better compared to the one in 2018.Iako su proizvodnju soje u 2019. godini pratili brojni problemi, na kraju možemo da kažemo da je bila uspešna kako po zasejanim površinama tako i po ostvarenom prinosu. Žetva soje započela je krajem avgusta. Prijem semena u doradnim centrima obavljen je bez većih problema zahvaljujući dobro pripremljenoj opremi i dobroj organizaciji prijema semena. Kvalitet naturalnog semena bio je veoma dobar sa zanemarljivo malim prisustvom zelenih i nedozrelih zrna. Vlažnost požnjevenog semena bila je u rasponu od 7,1% do 14,1% dok je oko 65% semena zaprimljeno sa vlažnošću iznad 10%. Zahvaljujući ovakvoj vlažnosti, nije bilo potrebe za sušenjem semena što je jako važno s obzirom na činjenicu da se sušenjem soje kvalitet može smanjiti. Klijavost semena, kao najvažniji parametar kvaliteta, bila je u rasponu između 82% i 96%. Treba istaći da je 97% semena požnjeveno sa klijavošću većom od 85% dok je oko 65% semena imalo klijavost iznad 90%. Masa 1000 zrna u proseku je iznosila oko 160 g. Na osnovu zaprimljenih količina semena u doradnim centrima može se reći da će količina semena nakon dorade biti dovoljna za setvu soje u 2020. godini. Dorada semena soje počela je na vreme i bez većih problema. Ostvarena čistoća dorađenog semena bila je u proseku 99,4%. Od ukupne količine dorađenog semena oko 72% semena imalo je klijavost veću od 85%, dok je oko 50% semena imalo klijavost iznad 90%. Ostvareni kvalitet semena bio je bolji u odnosu na 2018. godinu

Mehaničke osobine semena soje različitih frakcija

Knowledge of mechanical properties of agricultural materials is important for designing and exploitation of agricultural machines and equipment, as well as for successful preservation of biological values of seed during drying, processing and storage. As the shape of soybean seeds is generally round, they can be graded by a simple procedure, using different sieve settings. In this study we assessed the impact of seed grade on the mechanical properties of seed of the soybean varieties which differed in seed size. The initial tangent modulus of elasticity and maximum rupture force were used as indices of mechanical properties of seed, and they were discussed in detail in the paper. The values of the initial tangent modulus of elasticity went down as seed size increased. The lowest value, 9.26 N/mm2, was recorded for grade 6.0 to 6.5 mm in the variety Balkan. The highest value, 18.84 N/mm2, was recorded for grade 4.0 to 4.5 mm in the variety Victoria. Unlike the values of the initial tangent modulus of elasticity, the values of maximum rupture force increased in proportion with increase in seed size. The highest value, 176.18 N, was recorded for grade 5.5 to 6.0 mm in the variety Victoria, and the lowest value, 92.15 N, was recorded for grade 4.0 to 4.5 mm in the variety Balkan. .Poznavanje mehaničkih osobina poljoprivrednih materijala je veoma važno prilikom konstruisanja i eksploatacije poljoprivrednih mašina i opreme ali je neophodno i za očuvanje bioloških vrednosti semena prilikom sušenja, skladištenja i procesa dorade. Seme soje na osnovu fizičkih osobina ima okruglast oblik pa je moguće kalibraciju uraditi jednostavnim postupkom pomoću sita raznih dimenzija i otvora. U radu je ispitan uticaj frakcija na mehaničke osobine semena soje za sorte koje se karakterišu različitom krupnoćom zrna. Kao pokazatelji mehaničkih osobina semena korišćeni su početni tangentni modul elastičnosti i maksimalna sila razaranja koji su detaljno prikazani u radu. Vrednosti početnog tangentnog modula elastičnosti su sa povećanjem dimenzije zrna imale manje vrednosti. Tako je najmanja vrednost zabeležena kod sorte Balkan za frakciju 6,0-6,5 mm od 9,26 N/mm2, dok je najveća vrednost zabeležena kod sorte Victoria za frakciju 4,0-4,5 mm od 18,84 N/mm2.Za razliku od početnog tangentnog modula elastičnosti, vrednosti maksimalne sile razaranja su se povećavale sa povećanjem dimenzija semena, tako da je najveća vrednost zabeležena kod sorte Victoria za frakciju 5,5-6,0 mm od 176,18 N dok je najmanja vrednost zabeležena kod sorte Balkan za frakciju 4,0-4,5mm od 92,15 N.

Zavisnost klijavosti semena i početnog porasta ponika soje od frakcije semena

Soybean seed size can have a major effect on the quality of seeds. Beside the effect that seed size has on 1000-grain weight, it can also affect other seed quality parameters. Some authors suggest it can be expected that larger seeds have better quality. Seeds with higher content of reserve nutrients provide better developed plants, so it is possible to expect higher yields. Since the soybean seed does not have the minimum dimension of certified seed prescribed by law, it is necessary to examine the minimum size of seed that gives good enough results at planting, growth and development of plants. On the basis of these indicators, set up of cleaners and selection of work sieves cleaners during processing of soybean seed should be accessed. Soybean has a roundish shape, so it is possible to calibrate by a simple procedure using sieves of different sizes and openings. The effect of certain sizes on the soybean seed germination and initial growth of seedlings of varieties which are characterized by different seed sizes was tested in this work. On that occasion the varieties Balkan, Victoria and Trijumf, which were developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad were used. Dry matter content in the plant was used as an indicator of initial seedling growth. It was found that the dry matter content of seedlings increases with larger sizes, compared to dry matter content of smaller sizes. Thus, the lowest value was recorded in the variety Trijumf, for the size of 4.0 to 4.5 mm 4.7 g, while the highest value was recorded also in the variety Trijumf for the size of 6.0 to 6.5 mm 8.1 g. In addition, it was observed that the germination of seed of different sizes has different values. The lowest values were recorded in Balkan variety for the size of 4.0 to 4.5 mm 64%, while the highest germination was recorded in the variety Victoria for the size of 5.5 to 6.0 mm 85%.Krupnoća semena soje može da ima veliki uticaj na kvalitet semena. Pored toga što veličina zrna utiče na masu hiljadu zrna, takođe može da utiče i na druge parametere kvaliteta semena. Literaturni izvori navode na zaključak da se može očekivati da je krupnije seme kvalitetnije. Seme sa većim sadržajem rezervnih hranljivih materija daje razvijeniju biljku pa je moguće očekivati i veće prinose. S obzirom da kod semena soje nije zakonom propisana minimalna dimenzija deklarisanog semena, potrebno je ispitati koja minimalna dimenzija semena daje dovoljno dobre rezultate u setvi, porastu i razvoju biljke. Na osnovu tih pokazatelja bi trebalo pristupiti podešavanju prečistača i odabiru radnih sita prečistača tokom dorade semena soje. Seme soje ima okruglast oblik pa je moguće kalibraciju uraditi jednostavnim postupkom pomoću sita različitih dimenzija i otvora. U radu je ispitan uticaj određenih frakcija na klijavost semena soje i početnog porasta ponika za sorte koje se karakterišu različitom krupnoćom zrna. Tom prilikom su korišćene sorte Balkan, Victoria i Trijumf, koje su stvorene u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo iz Novog Sada. Kao pokazatelj početnog porasta ponika korišćen je sadržaj suve materije u biljci. Utvrđeno je da se sadržaj suve materije ponika povećava kod krupnijih frakcija u odnosu na sadržaj suve materije kod sitnijih frakcija.Tako je najmanja vrednost zabeležena kod sorte Trijumf za frakciju 4,0-4,5 mm od 4,7 g, dok je najveća vrednost zabeležena takođe kod sorte Trijumf za frakciju 6,0-6,5 mm od 8,1g. Pored toga, uočeno je da klijavost semena različitih frakcija semena ima različite vrednosti. Najniže vrednosti su zabeležene kod sorte Balkan za frakciju 4,0-4,5 mm od 64%, dok je najviša klijavost semena zabeležena kod sorte Victoria za frakciju 5,5-6,0 mm od 85%

Mezonefrički adenokarcinom endocerviksa s lobularnom mezonefričkom hiperplazijom: prikaz slučaja

Mesonephric adenocarcinoma is a rare variant of cervical adenocarcinoma. We present a case of mesonephric adenocarcinoma of endocervix with cervical and vaginal lobular mesonephric hyperplasia in a 57-year-old woman. Vaginal bleeding persisting for 12 months was the only symptom. Histopathologic findings and characteristic immunophenotype are crucial for the diagnosis. The tumor was composed of papillary formation with a central fibrovascular stroma, villoglandular and densely compact tubular structures containing intraluminal eosinophilic secretion, and coated with one or more rows of cylindrical atypical epithelial cells. There were 30 pathologic mitotic shapes found per 10 HPF. Th e tumor invaded nearly full-thickness of cervical stroma with positive lymphovascular space invasion and clear margins. The case demonstrated characteristic cytokeratin 7, vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen positivity and high Ki-67 proliferation index (60%). Estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and carcinoembryonic antigen were negative. Intratubular lumen secretion was periodic acid-Schiff positive with periodic acid-Schiff negative carcinoma cells. Differential diagnoses include adenoma malignum, well-differentiated villoglandular adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, serous adenocarcinoma, mesonephric adenocarcinoma with a sarcomatous component, clear-cell carcinoma and mesonephric hyperplasia. Radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was performed. Three years after the surgery, the patient remains well. There has not been any evidence of local or distant recurrence. There are no specific recommendations for the treatment of this rare disease. It remains uncertain whether surgical approach is sufficient or the treatment should include additional radio/chemotherapy.Mezonefrički adenokarcinom je rijedak oblik adenokarcinoma vrata maternice. Prikazujemo slučaj pedesetsedmogodišnje bolesnice s mezonefričkim adenokarcinomom vrata maternice, cervikalnom i vaginalnom lobularnom mezonefričkom hiperplazijom. Jedini simptom bilo je vaginalno krvarenje u trajanju od 12 mjeseci. Patohistološki nalaz i imunohistokemijska analiza ključni su u postavljanju konačne dijagnoze. Tumor je bio građen od papilarnih formacija s centralnom fibrovaskularnom stromom, viloglandularnih i gusto kompaktnih tubularnih struktura s eozinofilnom intraluminalnom sekrecijom koje su obložene jednim ili više redova cilindričnih atipičnih epitelnih stanica. Naš slučaj je pokazao karakteristično pozitivan citokeratin 7, vimentin i epitelni membranski antigen, visok Ki-67 indeks proliferacije (60%). Estrogenski receptori, progesteronski receptori i karcinoembrijski antigen bili su negativni. Intratubularna sekrecija bila je PAS (engl. periodic acid-Schiff ) pozitivna, a stanice karcinoma bile su PAS negativne. Diferencijalna dijagnoza uključuje maligni adenom, dobro diferencirani viloglandularni adenokarcinom, endometrioidni adenokarcinom, serozni adenokarcinom, mezonefrički adenokarcinom s komponentom sarkoma, karcinom svijetlih stanica i mezonefričku hiperplaziju. U bolesnice je učinjena radikalna histerektomija s obostranom adneksektomijom, zdjelična i paraaortna limfadenektomija. Tri godine nakon operacije u bolesnice nema znakova lokalnog recidiva niti udaljenih metastaza. Zbog malog broja opisanih slučajeva ne postoje preporuke za liječenje ovoga rijetkog patohistološkog oblika bolesti