Penerapan Teknologi Liofilisasi dan Radiasi Sinar γ pada Pembuatan Graf di Indonesia

Penggunaan graf di dunia kedokteran gigi termasuk di Indonesia sudah sejak lama dilakukan, terutama pada prosedur bedah dan perawatan periodontik. Banyak teknologi yang dapat diterapkan dalam pembuatan graf, yang paling populer adalah liofilisasi dan radiasi sinar γ. Liofilisasi atau pengeringan sublimasi adalah pengeringan dengan suhu antara -10oC sampai -40oC, sedangkan radiasi sinar γ adalah proses sterisasi menggunakan sinar γ pada dosis minimum 25 kGy, proses ini merupakan sterilisasi dingin yang tidak mengubah struktur jaringan, tidak meninggalkan residu, dan dapat membunuh mikroorganisme. Pembuatan graf dengan menerapkan kedua teknologi liofilisasi dan radiasi sinar γ ternyata telah dilakukan di Indonesia yaitu di Pusat Aplikasi. Teknologi Isotop dan Radiasi Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (Patir-Batan) dengan prosedur yang merujuk pada prosedur dari International Atomic Energi Agency (IAEA

Correlates of Canada Lynx Reproductive Success in Northwestern Montana

Habitat loss and fragmentation continue to threaten the persistence of forest carnivores in the contiguous US. The recovery of federally threatened species, such as the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), will be greatly enhanced by identifying a demographic-based definition of lynx habitat based on habitat analyses of animals with differential reproductive success. We collected field data on denning and offspring survival in northwestern Montana from 1998–2012. We used these data to define four response variables as measures of female Canada lynx reproductive success: (1) potential reproductive events, (2) initial litter size, (3) litter success (≥1 survivor), and (4) surviving litter size. We used mixed models to evaluate the effects of habitat and maternal condition on these response variables. Specifically, we tested a-priori hypotheses of relationships between reproductive success parameters and various habitat covariates representing the abundance and spatial configuration of five simplified forest structure types within occupied female lynx home ranges. Additional a-priori hypotheses were tested on the relationships between reproductive success parameters and maternal covariates, including female body condition, age, and previous reproductive performance. The most important predictors for overall lynx reproductive success within occupied female home ranges were the connectivity of mature forest, intermediate (10–15%) amounts of young regenerating forest, young regenerating forest patches with low perimeter-area ratios, and the adjacency of mature forest to young regenerating forest types. Female lynx home ranges that contain greater than 50% mature forest and approximately 10–15% young regenerating forest appear to be the optimal composition of forest structure types. Additionally, greater connectivity of mature forest, when combined with young regenerating forest patches with low perimeter-area ratios, appears to be the optimal configuration of forest structure types. Incorporating these results into current and long-term land management plans will provide a valuable conservation tool to ensure the persistence of threatened Canada lynx populations in the western US

Simulation of activation and propagation delay during tripolar neural stimulation

Computer simulations were perfonned to investigate the influence of stimulus amplitude on cathodal activation delay, propagation delay and blocking during stimulation with a bipolar cuff electrode. Activation and propagation delays were combined in a total delay term which was minimized between the excitation and blocking thresholds

Oral Lesion Caused by Improper Removable Partial Denture

Oral lesions are relatively common findings in clinical practice, can occur due to various factors such as trauma, systemic diseases, autoimmune disorders, malignancies. Local trauma as one of the cause of oral lesions majority due to poor dentures, fractured restorations and sharp edges of teeth. The lesions are commonly found on the mucosa that is subjected to the source of trauma such as buccal mucosa, lateral border of the tongue or lips.  Removable partial denture is a denture that can be removed and reinserted without professional help. Poor removable denture which is an ill-fitting denture, rough/sharp/overextended flanges, or lack of retention/stability could cause oral lesions. This case report describes a 76 old year man complained of pain on his right lateral tongue since 6 months ago. He was wearing a removable upper right denture which cannot be remove for about a year. It was a rough and sharp self-curing acrylic denture. There was erythematous and pain on his lateral right of the tongue but no induration on palpation. Triamcinolone acetonide 0,1% in orabase was the given treatment for the right lateral of the tongue and referred him to the prosthodontic department for replacing the denture. The oral lesion was healed after one week of treatment and the poor denture was removed. As a conclusion dentures should be made properly by the expert in order to prevent oral lesions

Potensi Damar Indonesia Sebagai Bahan Baku Material Kedokteran Gigi

One of the natural resins in the world market which is dominated by production from Indonesia is damar. Damar is a resin produced by the Shorea javanica tree. This resin is known to have the best quality compared to other types of resin. In Indonesia, this plant grows well in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Maluku, but is mainly produced in the Krui Coastal area of Lampung in an agroforest system known as Repong Damar. From the Shorea javanica tree, two types of resin are produced, namely damar mata kucing and damar batu. Damar mata kucing is obtained by tapping while rock resin is obtained by picking up resin which drips naturally onto the ground. The resin quality standard is stipulated in the Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 2900.1:2012 for  visual test and SNI 2900.2:2013 for for laboratory tests. Resin has properties in accordance with the requirements of dental materials, such as white to yellow colour, non-volatile, and insoluble in water. But it also has unsuitable properties such as brittle, sticky at room temperature, not heat resistant, flammable, and will change color when stored for a long time. It is concluded that resin modification has the potential to be used as raw material for dentistry, but it needs to be modified and its mechanical properties need to be tested

Simulation Study of an LWFA-based Electron Injector for AWAKE Run 2

The AWAKE experiment aims to demonstrate preservation of injected electron beam quality during acceleration in proton-driven plasma waves. The short bunch duration required to correctly load the wakefield is challenging to meet with the current electron injector system, given the space available to the beamline. An LWFA readily provides short-duration electron beams with sufficient charge from a compact design, and provides a scalable option for future electron acceleration experiments at AWAKE. Simulations of a shock-front injected LWFA demonstrate a 43 TW laser system would be sufficient to produce the required charge over a range of energies beyond 100 MeV. LWFA beams typically have high peak current and large divergence on exiting their native plasmas, and optimisation of bunch parameters before injection into the proton-driven wakefields is required. Compact beam transport solutions are discussed.Comment: Paper submitted to NIMA proceedings for the 3rd European Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop. 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table Changes after revision: Figure 2: figures 2 and 3 of the previous version collated with plots of longitudinal electric field Line 45: E_0 = 96 GV/m Lines 147- 159: evaluation of beam loading made more accurate Lines 107 - 124: discussion of simulation geometry move

Potensi Getah Perca Indonesia Sebagai Bahan Baku Getah Perca Kedokteran Gigi

Gutta percha is used for many functions in dentistry but the most popular is the root canal filler. This root canal filler is not a pure gutta percha but mixed with other materials, such as zinc oxide, wax, resi, and metal salts. The raw material of gutta percha dentistry is obtained from gutta percha tree (Palaquium gutta Baill) which in Indonesia has been cultivated in commercial scale since 1901 in Cipetir Sukabumi, in this location since 1921 is also equipped with its processing plant. This condition is very supportive if that gutta percha will be used as raw material of gutta percha dentistry. However, this material is a raw material that needs to be mixed with other materials in order to conform the standardization in dentistry, for that needed a series of research to be able to make gutta percha dentistry in Indonesia

Perbedaan Karakterisasi Ftir Antara Getah Perca Indonesia Dengan Getah Perca Kedokteran Gigi

Getah perca or known as gutta percha is the most widely used for the root canal filling material. Indonesia has a big potency to product dental gutta percha, as it is the biggest country that has productions of natural gutta percha. Indonesia is conducting natural gutta percha at PT. Perkebunann Nusantara VIII Cipetir-Jawa Barat. Chemical composition and bond are very important to be found out before making the root canal filling material from natural gutta percha. This study purposed to know the chemical composition differences between natural gutta percha and dental gutta percha using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) characterizations. The methode is descriptive study that studies the FTIR Characterization between natural gutta percha and dental gutta percha. The characterized samples, each consist 20 mg of natural gutta percha and 20 mg dental gutta percha.The IR results the difference of transmission between natural gutta percha and dental gutta percha. Both show the presence of hydroxyl groups in the material indicates that the process is oxidative, but the dental gutta percha contain pro oxidant that increase the oxidation. The conclusion of this study showed there is FTIR characterization difference between natural gutta percha and dental gutta percha

Stratified charge rotary engine combustion studies

Analytical and experimental studies of the combustion process in a stratified charge rotary engine (SCRE) continue to be the subject of active research in recent years. Specifically to meet the demand for more sophisticated products, a detailed understanding of the engine system of interest is warranted. With this in mind the objective of this work is to develop an understanding of the controlling factors that affect the SCRE combustion process so that an efficient power dense rotary engine can be designed. The influence of the induction-exhaust systems and the rotor geometry are believed to have a significant effect on combustion chamber flow characteristics. In this report, emphasis is centered on Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements and on qualitative flow visualizations in the combustion chamber of the motored rotary engine assembly. This will provide a basic understanding of the flow process in the RCE and serve as a data base for verification of numerical simulations. Understanding fuel injection provisions is also important to the successful operation of the stratified charge rotary engine. Toward this end, flow visualizations depicting the development of high speed, high pressure fuel jets are described. Friction is an important consideration in an engine from the standpoint of lost work, durability and reliability. MSU Engine Research Laboratory efforts in accessing the frictional losses associated with the rotary engine are described. This includes work which describes losses in bearing, seal and auxillary components. Finally, a computer controlled mapping system under development is described. This system can be used to map shapes such as combustion chamber, intake manifolds or turbine blades accurately

Is It Really Racism?: The Origins of White Americans' Opposition to Race-Targeted Policies

We address the role of racial antagonism in whites’ opposition to racially-targeted policies. The data come from four surveys selected for their unusually rich measurement of both policy preferences and other racial attitudes: the 1986 and 1992 National Election Studies, the 1994 General Social Survey, and the 1995 Los Angeles County Social Survey. They indicate that such opposition is more strongly rooted in racial antagonism than in non-racial conservatism, that whites tend to respond to quite different racial policies in similar fashion, that racial attitudes affect evaluations of black and ethnocentric white presidential candidates, and that their effects are just as strong among college graduates as among those with no college education. Second, we present evidence that symbolic racism is consistently more powerful than older forms of racial antagonism, and its greater strength does not diminish with controls on non-racial ideology, partisanship, and values. The origins of symbolic racism lie partly in both anti-black antagonism and non-racial conservative attitudes and values, and so mediates their effects on policy preferences, but it explains substantial additional variance by itself, suggesting that it does represent a new form of racism independent of older racial and political attitudes. The findings are each replicated several times with different measures, in different surveys conducted at different times. We also provide new evidence in response to earlier critiques of research on symbolic racism