2,975 research outputs found
Predicted band structures of III-V semiconductors in wurtzite phase
While non-nitride III-V semiconductors typically have a zincblende structure,
they may also form wurtzite crystals under pressure or when grown as
nanowhiskers. This makes electronic structure calculation difficult since the
band structures of wurtzite III-V semiconductors are poorly characterized. We
have calculated the electronic band structure for nine III-V semiconductors in
the wurtzite phase using transferable empirical pseudopotentials including
spin-orbit coupling. We find that all the materials have direct gaps. Our
results differ significantly from earlier {\it ab initio} calculations, and
where experimental results are available (InP, InAs and GaAs) our calculated
band gaps are in good agreement. We tabulate energies, effective masses, and
linear and cubic Dresselhaus zero-field spin-splitting coefficients for the
zone-center states. The large zero-field spin-splitting coefficients we find
may lead to new functionalities for designing devices that manipulate spin
degrees of freedom
Active multilayer mirrors for reflectance tuning at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths
We propose an active multilayer mirror structure for EUV wavelengths
which can be adjusted to compensate for reflectance changes. The multilayer structure tunes the reflectance via an integrated piezoelectric layer that can change its dimension due to an externally applied voltage. Here, we present design and optimization of the mirror structure for maximum reflectance tuning. In addition, we present preliminary results showing that the deposition of piezoelectric thin films with the requisite layer smoothness and crystal structure are possible. Finally, polarization switching of the smoothest piezoelectric film is presented
Theory of spin-orbit coupling in bilayer graphene
Theory of spin-orbit coupling in bilayer graphene is presented. The
electronic band structure of the AB bilayer in the presence of spin-orbit
coupling and a transverse electric field is calculated from first-principles
using the linearized augmented plane wave method implemented in the WIEN2k
code. The first-principles results around the K points are fitted to a
tight-binding model. The main conclusion is that the spin-orbit effects in
bilayer graphene derive essentially from the single-layer spin-orbit coupling
which comes almost solely from the d orbitals. The intrinsic spin-orbit
splitting (anticrossing) around the K points is about 24\mu eV for the
low-energy valence and conduction bands, which are closest to the Fermi level,
similarly as in the single layer graphene. An applied transverse electric field
breaks space inversion symmetry and leads to an extrinsic (also called
Bychkov-Rashba) spin-orbit splitting. This splitting is usually linearly
proportional to the electric field. The peculiarity of graphene bilayer is that
the low-energy bands remain split by 24\mu eV independently of the applied
external field. The electric field, instead, opens a semiconducting band gap
separating these low-energy bands. The remaining two high-energy bands are
spin-split in proportion to the electric field; the proportionality coefficient
is given by the second intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, whose value is 20\mu eV.
All the band-structure effects and their spin splittings can be explained by
our tight-binding model, in which the spin-orbit Hamiltonian is derived from
symmetry considerations. The magnitudes of intra- and interlayer
couplings---their values are similar to the single-layer graphene ones---are
determined by fitting to first-principles results.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, typos corrected, published versio
Confined coherence and analytic properties of Green's functions
A simple model of noninteracting electrons with a separable one-body
potential is used to discuss the possible pole structure of single particle
Green's functions for fermions on unphysical sheets in the complex frequency
plane as a function of the system parameters. The poles in the exact Green's
function can cross the imaginary axis, in contrast to recent claims that such a
behaviour is unphysical. As the Green's function of the model has the same
functional form as an approximate Green's function of coupled Luttinger liquids
no definite conclusions concerning the concept of "confined coherence" can be
drawn from the locations of the poles of this Green's function.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure
Hexadecapolar Kondo effect in URuSi?
We derive the coupling of a localized hexadecapolar mode to conduction
electrons in tetragonal symmetry. The derivation can be easily adapted to
arbitrary multipoles in arbitrary environment. We relate our model to the
two-channel Kondo (2CK) model and show that for an -configuration, a
relevant crystal field splitting in addition to the 2CK interaction is
intrinsic to tetragonal symmetry. We discuss possible realizations of a
hexadecapolar Kondo effect in URuSi. Solving our model we find good
agreement with susceptibility and specific heat measurements in
ThURuSi ().Comment: 4+ pages and 1 page of supplementary materia
Generation of spin currents and spin densities in systems with reduced symmetry
We show that the spin-current response of a semiconductor crystal to an
external electric field is considerably more complex than previously assumed.
While in systems of high symmetry only the spin-Hall components are allowed, in
systems of lower symmetry other non-spin-Hall components may be present. We
argue that, when spin-orbit interactions are present only in the band
structure, the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the
spin current is not useful. We show that the generation of spin currents and
that of spin densities in an electric field are closely related, and that our
general theory provides a systematic way to distinguish between them in
experiment. We discuss also the meaning of vertex corrections in systems with
spin-orbit interactions.Comment: 4 page
Spin Density Matrix of Spin-3/2 Hole Systems
For hole systems with an effective spin j=3/2, we present an invariant
decomposition of the spin density matrix that can be interpreted as a multipole
expansion. The charge density corresponds to the monopole moment and the spin
polarization due to a magnetic field corresponds to a dipole moment while heavy
hole-light hole splitting can be interpreted as a quadrupole moment. For quasi
two-dimensional hole systems in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field B
the spin polarization is a higher-order effect that is typically much smaller
than one even if the minority spin subband is completely depopulated. On the
other hand, the field B can induce a substantial octupole moment which is a
unique feature of j=3/2 hole systems.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, 3 table
Spin properties of single electron states in coupled quantum dots
Spin properties of single electron states in laterally coupled quantum dots
in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field are studied by exact
numerical diagonalization. Dresselhaus (linear and cubic) and Bychkov-Rashba
spin-orbit couplings are included in a realistic model of confined dots based
on GaAs. Group theoretical classification of quantum states with and without
spin orbit coupling is provided. Spin-orbit effects on the g-factor are rather
weak. It is shown that the frequency of coherent oscillations (tunneling
amplitude) in coupled dots is largely unaffected by spin-orbit effects due to
symmetry requirements. The leading contributions to the frequency involves the
cubic term of the Dresselhaus coupling. Spin-orbit coupling in the presence of
magnetic field leads to a spin-dependent tunneling amplitude, and thus to the
possibility of spin to charge conversion, namely spatial separation of spin by
coherent oscillations in a uniform magnetic field. It is also shown that spin
hot spots exist in coupled GaAs dots already at moderate magnetic fields, and
that spin hot spots at zero magnetic field are due to the cubic Dresselhaus
term only.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure
Nuclear Tetrahedral Symmetry: Possibly Present Throughout the Periodic Table
More than half a century after the fundamental, spherical shell structure in
nuclei has been established, theoretical predictions indicate that the
shell-gaps comparable or even stronger than those at spherical shapes may
exist. Group-theoretical analysis supported by realistic mean-field
calculations indicate that the corresponding nuclei are characterized by the
('double-tetrahedral') group of symmetry, exact or approximate. The
corresponding strong shell-gap structure is markedly enhanced by the existence
of the 4-dimensional irreducible representations of the group in question and
consequently it can be seen as a geometrical effect that does not depend on a
particular realization of the mean-field. Possibilities of discovering the
corresponding symmetry in experiment are discussed.Comment: 4 pages in LaTeX and 4 figures in eps forma
- …