The anionic sites at luminal surface of peritubular capillaries in rats

The anionic sites at luminal surface of peritubular capillaries in rats. Anionic sites have been demonstrated in the basement membranes of peritubular capillaries. The anionic barrier function of peritubular capillary wall has been ascribed to these sites. Fenestrated capillaries in other organs have anionic sites in the endothelial cell glycocalyx and at the luminal surface of the fenestral diaphragms. The purpose of this study was to map anionic sites at the luminal surface of peritubular capillaries and to assess whether a concentration gradient for albumin exists across the endothelium. Partial chemical characterization of these anionic sites was done by in vivo enzymatic degradation. The difference in distribution of albumin following enzyme digestion was also studied. The binding of cationized ferritin to the luminal surface indicated that the rat peritubular capillaries have anionic sites along the entire luminal surface of the endothelial cell, including the fenestral diaphragms. Partial biochemical characterization of these sites shows that the sites in the glycocalyx are mainly from neuraminic acid, while the fenestral diaphragms have mainly heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Intravascular albumin extended to the endothelial luminal plasmalemma and to the luminal surface of fenestral diaphragms. Digestion with heparitinase was associated with the leakage of albumin outside the capillary wall. These findings suggest that the anionic surface of fenestrae constitutes a charge barrier of the peritubular capillaries

Bilateral carotico-clinoid foramen and inter-clinoid bars

The carotico-clinoid foramen is the result of ossification either of the carotico-clinoid ligament or of a dural fold extending between the anterior and middle clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone. It is anatomically important due to its relations with the cavernous sinus and its content, sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland. In this study the presence of carotico–clinoid foramen and inter-clinoid bars has been studied on 25dry skulls. In 25 dry skulls, authors have reported one skull, in which, a bilateral: foramen clinoideo caroticum and interclinoid bars are seen as a consequence of fusion of anterior, middle and posterior clinoid processes.The existence of a bony carotico-clinoid foramen may cause compression, tightening or stretching of the internal carotid artery. Further, removing the anterior clinoid process is an important step in regional surgery; the presence of a bony carotico-clinoid foramen may have high risk. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the type of ossification between the anterior and middle clinoid processes can be necessary to increase the success of regional surgery

Tonsillectomy among children with low baseline acute throat infection consultation rates in UK general practices: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of tonsillectomy in reducing acute throat infection (ATI) consultation rates over 6 years' follow-up among children with low baseline ATI consultation rates. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: UK general practices from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. PARTICIPANTS: Children aged 4-15 years with ≤3 ATI consultations during the 3 years prior to 2001 (baseline). 450 children who underwent tonsillectomy (tonsillectomy group) and 13 442 other children with an ATI consultation (comparison group) in 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean differences in ATI consultation rates over the first 3 years' and subsequent 3 years' follow-up compared with 3 years prior to 2001 (baseline); odds of ≥3 ATI consultations at the same time points. RESULTS: Among children in the tonsillectomy group, the 3-year mean ATI consultation rate decreased from 1.31 to 0.66 over the first 3 years' follow-up and further declined to 0.60 over the subsequent 3 years' follow-up period. Compared with children who had no operation, those who underwent tonsillectomy experienced a reduction in 3-year mean ATI consultations per child of 2.5 (95% CI 2.3 to 2.6, p<0.001) over the first 3 years' follow-up, but only 1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.4, p<0.001) over the subsequent 3 years' follow-up compared with baseline, respectively. This equates to a mean reduction of 3.7 ATI consultations over a 6-year period and approximates to a mean annual reduction of 0.6 ATI consultations per child, per year, over 6 years' follow-up. Children who underwent tonsillectomy were also much less likely to experience ≥3 ATI consultations during the first 3 years' follow-up (adjusted OR=0.12, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.17) and the subsequent 3 years' follow-up (adjusted OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: Among children with low baseline ATI rates, there was a statistically significant reduction in ATI consultation rates over 6 years' follow-up. However, the relatively modest clinical benefit needs to be weighed against the potential risks and complications associated with surgery

Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium(V) with N-p-Chlorophenyl-2-naphthohydroxamic Acid and Investigation of Its Solid Complex

A simple, selective and sensitive method for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of vanadium(V) using N-p-chlorophenyl- 2-naphthohydroxamic acid (CP-2-NHA) is described. Vanadium( V) is quantitatively extracted from 3-8.4 M HCl as a violet complex with CP-2-NHA into chloroform. Beer\u27s law is applicable in the concentration range 34 and 224 fig of vanadium(V) per 25 ml of chloroform extract. The Sandell sensitivity of the system is 0.0089 μg/cm2 at 530 nm. The method has been satisfactorily employed for the determination of vanadium in steel. The solid complex, VOCI (C11H11N02Cl)2, was prepared and characterised by melting point, elemental analysis, visible and infrared spectra

Nurturing the young shoots of talent: Using action research for exploration and theory building

This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 19(4), 433-450, 2011, copyright Taylor & Francis, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/1350293X.2011.623515.This paper reports the outcomes of a set of action research projects carried out by teacher researchers in 14 local education authorities in England, working collaboratively with university tutors, over a period of three years. The common aim of all the projects was to explore practical ways of nurturing the gifts and talents of children aged four–seven years. The project was funded by the Department of Education and Skills in England as part of the government's gifted and talented programme. The project teachers felt that their understanding of issues relating to nurturing the gifts and talents of younger children was enhanced through their engagement in the project. It was possible to map the findings of the projects to the English government's National Quality Standards for gifted and talented education which include: (1) identification; (2) effective provision in the classroom; (3) enabling curriculum entitlement and choice; (4) assessment for learning; (5) engaging with community, families and beyond. The findings are also analysed within the framework of good practice in educating children in the first years of schooling. Participating practitioners felt that action research offered them a suitable methodology to explore the complexity of the topic of giftedness through cycles of planning, action and reflection and personal theory building

High In-Vitro Antitumour Activity of Triphenyltin Coumarin 3-Carboxylate and its Coordination Complexes With Monodentate Oxygen Donor Ligands Against the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-DNA Positive Raji and the P-388 Murine Leukaemia Cell Lines, and Evidence for the Suppression by Organotin of the Early Antigen Complex in the EBV Lytic Cycle

Triphenyltin coumarin-3-carboxylate and its coordination complexes with ethanol, triphenylphosphine oxide, triphenylarsine oxide, diphenylcyclopropenone and quinoline N-oxide exhibited high in vitro cytotoxicity (LC50 values in the range 0.25-3.4 μg/mL) when tested against EBV-DNA positive Raji cells and P-388 leukaemia cells, compared to the standard drug 5-Fluorouracil, which showed LC50 values of 11 and >50 μg/mL, respectively, against these cells. Additional tests performed on the Raji cells incubated with the quinoline N-oxide complex in the presence of the tumour promoters, TPA and sodium butyrate, revealed that the diffused and restricted protein components of the early antigen complex were suppressed relative to the control containing only the promoters, indicating impaired function of the genes involved as transactivators in the early lytic cycle of the EBV. The failure of the restriction enzymes Eco R1 and Hind III to cleave the extracted DNA from such treated cells in contrast to the control, coupled with the amplification of the BMLF-1 gene by the PCR technique which was realised only with the DNA of the control and not of the treated sample, point to a punitive interaction of the organotin with the nuclear DNA of the Raji cells