Studying English through the lessons of handicraft

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2654467~S1*es

The effects of neurotrophic factors on enteric ganglion cells in vitro

The effects of neurotrophic factors on enteric ganglion cells were studied using variety of techniques. NT-3 was found to have protective effects on enteric neurons exposed to hydrogen peroxide. The second neurotrophic factor tested, GDNF, did not exhibit a similar, protective effect. Investigation of the effects of these factors on the levels of catalase and SOD Cu/Zn revealed that NT-3 does not affect levels of either enzyme after 12 and 36 hour incubation. In contrast to NT-3, GDNF was able to increase the levels of both enzymes, although this effect was observed only at the 36 hour time point. To investigate the mechanism of NT-3 induced protective effects, the signalling pathways initiated by NT-3 were also studied. PI-3K, an enzyme known to play a role in the survival responses initiated by trophic factors in many cell types was blocked using a specific inhibitor, LY294002. As a result, a dramatic decrease in cell numbers was observed in control as well as NT-3 and GDNF treated cultures. Inhibition of PI-3K also nullified the effects of trophic factors on the cells. Subsequently, the effects of NT-3 and combined NT-3/LY294002 treatment on the activity of several signalling proteins were examined. Control cultures showed steady, easily detectable levels of phosphorylated Akt, as well as total protein levels of bcl-2 and c-fos, which were independent of signalling initiated by addition of exogenous NT-3. In contrast, phosphorylation of MEK and ERK proteins was dependent upon exogenous NT-3. LY294002 treatment severely reduced the amount of phosphorylated Akt present in the cells. Additionally, the presence of phosphorylated MEK and ERK was observed at the point of NT-3 treatment, suggesting that in was independent of exogenous NT-3. Total protein levels of bcl-2 and c-fos proteins in the LY294002 treated cultures were elevated compared to controls

Täiendav tugi ESL- inglise keele õppimiseks koduõppele elektrooniliste iseõppematerjalidega põhikooli õpilastele (9. klass)

https://www.ester.ee/record=b551838

Measurements of the Intensity of Mu-Mesons in Cosmic Rays During a Period of Unusual Solar Activity

Because of the incomplete understanding of the processes which cosmic rays undergo in the atmosphere, there is still no generally accepted treatment of the atmospheric dependent variations of the intensity or preferred method of establishing correct coefficients

Post-Transfusion Haemolytic Reactions

Haemolytic post-transfusion reaction is caused by accelerated destruction of erythrocytes by immunological incompatibility between the donor and the recipient. It also occurs for non-immunological reasons: thermal, osmotic or mechanical damage and bacterial infection. Haemolysis can be endogenous (usually acute) and exogenous with macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system of spleen or liver (delayed). The pathophysiology: antibody binding erythrocyte antigens, antibody-coated erythrocytes interaction with monocytes/macrophages activating phagocytosis or antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and the production of inflammatory mediators. Antibodies destroying transfused blood cells are called clinically relevant antibodies that are active in vitro at 37°C. An interesting mechanism is the “bystander immune cytolysis”

Comparison of receptor affinity of natSc-DOTA-TATE versus natGa-DOTA-TATE

BACKGROUND: 44Sc as a positron emitter can be an interesting alternative to 68Ga (T½ = 67.71 min) due to its longer half-life (T½ = 3.97 h). Moreover, the b– emitter 47Sc can be used for therapy when attached to the same biomolecule vectors. DOTA as a chelating agent has been proven suitable for the radiolabelling of peptides recognising tumour cell receptors in vivo with M3+ radiometals. DOTA-derivatized peptides have been successfully labelled with 90Y and 177Lu for therapy, and with 68Ga for PET imaging. However, published data on 44Sc-labelled DOTA-biomolecules as potential PET radiotracers are still very limited. The aim of this study was to compare the affinity of natGa- and natSc-labelled DOTA-TATE to somatostatin receptors subtype 2 expressed in rat pancreatic cancer cell line AR42J. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cold complexes of DOTA-TATE with natGa and natSc were synthesized and identified by HPLC and MS analysis and evaluated in vitro for competitive binding to cancer cell line AR42J expressing somatostatin receptors subtype 2 (sstr2). RESULTS: The IC50 values calculated from the displacement curve of {125I-Tyr11}-SST-14 were: 0.20 ± 0.18, 0.70 ± 0.20, 0.64 ± 0.22 and 0.67 ± 0.12 for natGa-DOTA-TATE, natSc-DOTA-TATE, DOTA-TATE, and {Tyr11}-SST-14 complexes, respectively, with the affinity lowering in the decreasing order: natGa-DOTA-TATE > DOTA-TATE > Tyr11-SST-14 > natSc-DOTA-TATE. CONCLUSIONS: The binding affinity of natGa-DOTA-TATE appeared higher than that of natSc-DOTA-TATE. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to verify the influence of the chelated metal on the affinity and uptake of the respective radiolabelled compounds. This information might be crucial when the in vivo applications of peptides labelled with 68Ga and 44Sc for PET, as well as the use of 47Sc for radiotherapy are considered. Nuclear Med Rev 2011; 14, 2: 85–8

Social and Political Life in the BSSR as Presented in the “Byelorussian Worker and Peasant Woman” Magazine (Bielaruskaja Rabotnitsa i Syalyanka) 1924–1939

W tym artykule na przykładzie kobiecego czasopisma „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” („Białoruska Robotnica i Chłopka”) badany jest proces odzwierciedlający społeczno-polityczne życie BSSR na łamach czasopism drukowanych. Korelacja chronologiczna między datą ustanowienia magazynu i pierwszego wydania publikacji w 1924 r. a końcową datą 1939 r. w międzynarodowym kontekście odpowiada początkowi II wojny światowej i zjednoczeniu Zachodniej Białorusi z BSSR. Przeanalizowano ponad 90 numerów z różnych lat adekwatnych tematycznie. Analiza treści informacji magazynu „Białoruska Robotnica i Chłopka” wykazała, że w latach 1924–1939 redakcja magazynu zmieniała swoją koncepcję w podejściu do pokazywania życia społecznego i politycznego, jak również ukazywania roli kobiet, w zależności od sytuacji wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej – od kolektywizacji i industrializacji, likwidacji analfabetyzmu i polityki represyjnej do retoryki wojskowej związanej ze wzmocnieniem nazistowskich Niemiec i faszystowskiego bloku w latach 1933–1939.The following article examines the process of reflecting the socio-political life in the BSSR presented in periodicals on the example of the women’s magazine “Byelarusian Worker and Peasant Woman”. The publishing dates of the first and the last issue of the magazine – 1924 and 1939 - correspond to the outbreak of World War II and the reunification of Western Belarus with the BSSR. More than 90 issues of the magazine are analyzed in the article selected according to the topic-oriented content. The analysis of the content of the “Byelarusian Worker and Peasant Woman” magazine showed that, in the period 1924–1939, the editorial board of the magazine changed its approach to depicting and commenting on public and political life, as well as shaping the role of women in both spheres, from collectivization and industrialization, elimination of illiteracy and repressive policies to the military rhetoric connected with the strengthening of the Nazi Germany and fascist blocks in the years [email protected] Korsak – doktor nauk historycznych, docent, kierownik zakładu historii i turystyki Połockiego Uniwersytetu Państwowego. Jest autorem ponad 60 artykułów w czasopismach naukowych z Białorusi, Rosji, Łotwy. Obszar zainteresowań naukowych – nauka historii okresu międzywojennego (1918–1939) i ІІ wojny światowej, w szczególności problem Holokaustu, nazistowskiego okupacyjnego reżimu, a także proces uczczenia pamięci poległych żołnierzy i ofiar nazizmu na terenie Białorusi i krajów sąsiednich.Połocki Uniwersytet PaństwowyAb naradze starscyn selsawetau, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1935, nr 14, s. 2.Ab ratyfikacyi sawecka-germanskaga dagavora ab nenapadze, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1939, nr 17, s. 2.Ab znechsnjaji palitycy SSSR, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1939, nr 21, s. 4.Ad XV da XVI zjezdu, „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” 1930, nr 18, s. 1.Bajavaja praverka partyjinych kadrau, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1938, nr 35/36, s. 1–3.Czto skazalo wsebeloruskoe soweczszanie rabotnits-komunistok, „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” 1929, nr 11, s. 3–4.Druck – kalektyuny agitatar i arganizatar pracounych mas u sacyjalistycznym budaunictwe, „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” 1930, nr 12, s. 12.Front wajiny i front miru, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1938, nr 14, s. 12.Gistarycznaje rachenne. Pramova pa radyje starchsyni SNK BSSR taw. Molatawa, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1939, nr 18, s. 4.Ja adnosjaca da alimentnyh sprau u prakuratury respubliki, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1937, nr 19, s. 16.Kali zautra vajina, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1938, nr 15, s. 2.Kwalifikacyja rabotnits – neadkladnaja zadacza, „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” 1930, nr 8, s. 3.Len u nadzejinych rukach, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1936, nr 15, s. 12–13.List da rabotnits b pracounych syalyanak Zachodnjaji Belarusi, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1931, nr 7, s. 1.Narada żanczyn – czlenau urada, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1936, nr 4, s. 13Pa bajawomu razgarnucj masawuju rabotu sjarod rabotnits i syalyanak, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1931, nr 13, s. 2.Prawuczym samurajau, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1938, nr 15, s. 2.Preobrazuem zavod v krepostj oborony, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1938, nr 15, s. 2.Rabota sredi rabotnits – ważnejiscaja zadacza profsojuzow, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1931, nr 15, s. 5.Rabotnitsa w proizwodstwe, Meżdunarodnoe polożenie, Partijinaja żizn, „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” 1928, nr 2.Radżajice u radzilnym dome ci balnicy, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1935, nr 19, s. 14.Razwicje sacyjalistycznaji żyvelagadouli – bajavaja zadacza, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1931, nr 23, s. 1.Sila vajina i sila miru, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1939, nr 14, s. 13.Snajper, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1938, nr 7, s. 5.Socialisticzeskim stroitelstwom – ukrepim oboronosposobnostj strany, „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” 1928, nr 7, s. 1.Stralok, paraszutystka, letczyk, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1939, nr 15, s. 15.U boj za ażyccjaulenne adozvy CK KP(b)B i SNK BSSR, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1931, nr 5, s. 1.Udzel pracounych żanczyn u saweckim budaunictwe, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1932, nr 7, s. 12.Wykanana Dyrektyva partyi. BSSR kalektywizawana da vjasny bolczs czym na 30%, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1931, nr 15, s. 2.Z adozwy CK partyji da rabotnits, syalyanak i pracounych żanczyn Belarusii, „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” 1928, nr 12, s. 5.Za zdradusacyjalistycznaji Radzime – vycszejicszaja mera pakarannja, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1936, nr 17, s. 2.Zabjaspeczym peramogu u chlebazagatoukach, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1931, nr 22, s. 3.Zaczem nużen reżym ekonomii, „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” 1926, nr 11, s. 1.Żanczynu – na kirujuczuju rabotu. Ignarujucj żanoczyja kadry, „Rabotnіtsa i Kalhasnica Bielarusi” 1938, nr 13, s. 10.Żensczciny na perewybory selsowetow, „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” 1926, nr 12, s. 7.Kostenko, J.А., Żenskoje dviżenije w Rossiji w 1920–1930 gg. Avtoreferat na soiskanije stepeni kandidata istoricheskih nauk, Moskwa 2006, s. 22–23.Мjeljaszеwicz, R.І., „Bielaruskaja Rabotnіtsa i Syalyanka” – perszaje nacyjanalnaje wydanne dlja żanczyn, „Wiesci BDPU” seria 4, 2005, nr 2, s. 130, ISSN 1818-8583.Peryjadyczny druk Biełarusi, red. W.S. Adamowicz [et. al.] [w:] Bielaruskaja sawetskaja encyklapedyja, Minsk 1981, s. 19.1(4)15416