QoS and MPLS design issues in NoCs

Nowadays real application traffic, and especially streaming applications running in multi core environments require more and more bandwidth. Networks on Chips (NoC) should be able not only to provide adequate bandwidth resources but also variable length traffic with multi rate packets, each representing a different class of service (FEC classes) and hence, it should provide QoS support. It is common knowledge that in original networks, QoS provision along with packet forwarding and routing at high rates is supported by the MPLS concept. This paper is a brief and compact survey, that gives a smart look on critical design issues of MPLS technology applied in NoCs, based on recent reference work. All types of MPLS based NoC architectures are presented and their pros and cons are discussed. Moreover, other important issues are pointed out, such as non interference, security and fault management, giving researchers motivation and directions for extended research. © 2018 Tei of Western Macedonia

Next generation millimeter wave backhaul radio: Overall system design for GbE 60GHz PtP wireless radio of high CMOS integration

Rhyzopertha dominica is a key pest of stored grain. Understanding the movement of this beetle on broad geographic scales is crucial, particularly when developing strategies to prevent the spread of phosphine resistance. We assessed population genetic structuring in this pest across Turkey, using a combination of mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I) and microsatellite markers. In addition, we screened samples for Wolbachia, as this endosymbiont has previously been suggested to be associated with low mitochondrial genetic diversity in this beetle. Mitochondrial genetic diversity was low, with only six haplotypes identified. The genetic diversity was, however, substantially higher than that previously found in Australia or India, suggesting that R. dominica may have originated in the Middle East. Wolbachia were detected only at a single site, indicating they are not impacting the mitochondrial genetic diversity of R. dominica across Turkey. Microsatellite markers indicated there is significant geographic genetic structuring across Turkey, even among sites less than 100 km apart, suggesting there is little movement of beetles across regions within the country. This contrasts with the significantly higher levels of gene-flow found in Australia and the United States. We suggest that the limited movement of beetles across Turkey may be due to a combination of the historically localised agricultural practices (which limits anthropogenic movement among regions), and the mountainous landscape (which limits active flight among regions). Our results demonstrate that the movement of stored product pests may differ significantly across studies conducted in different countries. As a consequence, phosphine resistance management strategies must incorporate region specific information on the extent of beetle movement