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Not AvailableThe field experiments were conducted during kharif season of 1988 and 1989 to find out the possibilities and benefits of foliar application of nitrogen and phosphorus in groundnut in comparison with their soil application. It was observed that foliar application of N and P fertilizer showed higher efficiency and produced more pod per unit of nutrient applied than their soil application. Among the different modes of application, applying 50% of these fertilizer doses as basal followed by two foliar spray of I aqueous suspension of these fertilizers gave the yield at par with that obtained by soil application of full dose of these fertilizers. This was also found to be economical as the rate of fertilizer was lesser than soil application alone. On art average the soil application of 20 Kg N ha-1 as urea, 40 Kg P, 05 hel as SSP (Single super phosphate) and 20 Kg N+ 40 Kg P2 05 ha-1 produced 13.1 to 21.8, 9 0 to 16.5 and 20.0 to 28.6% more pod than control, respectively, However, the application of 50% amount of these fertilizers in soil as basal followed by two foliar sprays of 1% aqueous suspension of these fertilizer at 30 and 70 days after sowing (DAS) showed 13.5 to 23.5, 9.0 to 18.4 and 20,5 to 30.1% more pnd yield over control, respectively.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableDuring storage groundnut is attacked by number of stored grain pest and management of these insect pests particularly bruchid beetle, Caryedon serratus (Oliver) is of prime importance as they directly damage the pod and kernels. Hence, some essential oils were tested for their insecticidal and fungicidal properties. Highest total bruchid mortality was recorded with the application of neem oil and pongamia oil at 10% (v/w) concentration and lowest in eucalyptus oil at 5% (v/w). Number of eggs laid was recorded 2.3 in neem oil 10% (v/w) which was lowest and significantly superior over untreated control and was at par with castor oil 10% (v/w) which recorded 2.5 eggs per 100 g of groundnut pods. There was no adult emergence in the groundnut pods treated with castor oil, eucalyptus oil, neem oil and pongamia oil at 10% (v/w) concentration. Groundnut pods treated with castor oil, eucalyptus oil, neem oil and pongamia oil at 10% (v/w) and neem oil at 5% (v/w) concentrations recorded no damage to pods and kernels and also zero per cent weight loss. These oils effectively influenced groundnut bruchid establishment and reduce damage besides reduction in aflatoxin contamination.Not Availabl

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Influence of Microenvironment pH, Humidity, and Temperature on the Stability of Polymorphic and Amorphous Forms of Clopidogrel Bisulfate

The effect of microenvironment pH, humidity, and temperature was evaluated on the stability of polymorphic and amorphous forms of clopidogrel bisulfate, when present alone or in combinations. Oxalic acid and sodium carbonate were used as solid stressors to create acidic and alkaline pH, respectively. The samples without and with stressors were subjected for 3 months to (1) 0% RH, 25% RH, 75% RH, and 85% RH at 40°C and also to (2) 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C at 0% RH. In case of solid samples without stressors, the mixture of polymorphic and amorphous forms showed more degradation than the individual forms above critical relative humidity (85% RH). Similar higher degradation was observed between 75% RH and 85% RH in case of acid-stressed samples. In alkaline microenvironment, all the samples showed identical decomposition attributed to conversion of bisulfate salt to free base. Thermal studies indicated that polymorphic forms of clopidogrel bisulfate and also its glassy amorphous form were highly resistant to temperature, whereas the rubbery state of the drug degraded significantly at temperatures of ≥80°C