29 research outputs found
Sub-diffusion in External Potential: Anomalous hiding behind Normal
We propose a model of sub-diffusion in which an external force is acting on a
particle at all times not only at the moment of jump. The implication of this
assumption is the dependence of the random trapping time on the force with the
dramatic change of particles behavior compared to the standard continuous time
random walk model. Constant force leads to the transition from non-ergodic
sub-diffusion to seemingly ergodic diffusive behavior. However, we show it
remains anomalous in a sense that the diffusion coefficient depends on the
force and the anomalous exponent. For the quadratic potential we find that the
anomalous exponent defines not only the speed of convergence but also the
stationary distribution which is different from standard Boltzmann equilibrium.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Emergence of L\'{e}vy Walks in Systems of Interacting Individuals
Recent experiments (G. Ariel, et al., Nature Comm. 6, 8396 (2015)) revealed
an intriguing behavior of swarming bacteria: they fundamentally change their
collective motion from simple diffusion into a superdiffusive L\'{e}vy walk
dynamics. We introduce a nonlinear non-Markovian persistent random walk model
that explains the emergence of superdiffusive L\'{e}vy walks. We show that the
alignment interaction between individuals can lead to the superdiffusive growth
of the mean squared displacement and the power law distribution of run length
with infinite variance. The main result is that the superdiffusive behavior
emerges as a nonlinear collective phenomenon, rather than due to the standard
assumption of the power law distribution of run distances from the inception.
At the same time, we find that the repulsion/collision effects lead to the
density dependent exponential tempering of power law distributions. This
qualitatively explains experimentally observed transition from superdiffusion
to the diffusion of mussels as their density increases (M. de Jager et al.,
Proc. R. Soc. B 281, 20132605 (2014))
Paradoxes of Subdiffusive Infiltration in Disordered Systems
Infiltration of diffusing particles from one material to another where the
diffusion mechanism is either normal or anomalous is a widely observed
phenomena. When the diffusion is anomalous we find interesting behaviors:
diffusion may lead to an averaged net drift from one material to another
even if all particles eventually flow in the opposite direction, or may lead to
a flow without drift. Starting with an underlying continuous time random walk
model we solve diffusion equations describing this problem. Similar drift
against flow is found in the quenched trap model. We argue that such a behavior
is a general feature of diffusion in disordered systems.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Memory effects and L\'evy walk dynamics in intracellular transport of cargoes
We demonstrate the phenomenon of cumulative inertia in intracellular
transport involving multiple motor proteins in human epithelial cells by
measuring the empirical survival probability of cargoes on the microtubule and
their detachment rates. We found the longer a cargo moves along a microtubule,
the less likely it detaches from it. As a result, the movement of cargoes is
non-Markovian and involves a memory. We observe memory effects on the scale of
up to 2 seconds. We provide a theoretical link between the measured detachment
rate and the super-diffusive Levy walk-like cargo movement.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure