Job-shadowing Swiss health librarians observing experienced search specialists and information skills trainers in London

As librarians of the Social & Preventive Medicine Library in Bern, we help researchers perform systematic literature searches and teach students to use medical databases. We developed our skills mainly “on the job”, and we wondered how other health librarians in Europe were trained to become experts in searching. We had a great opportunity to “job shadow” specialists in this area of library service during a 5-day-internship at the Royal Free Hospital Medical Library in London, Great Britain

Dairy Intake and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia:A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Dairy intake may influence cognition through several molecular pathways. However, epidemiologic studies yield inconsistent results, and no dose-response meta-analysis has been conducted yet. Therefore, we performed a systematic review with a dose-response meta-analysis about the association between dairy intake and cognitive decline or incidence of dementia. We investigated prospective studies with a follow-up ≥6 mo on cognitive decline or dementia incidence in adults without known chronic conditions through a systematic search of Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception to 11 July 2023. We evaluated the dose-response association using a random-effects model. We identified 15 eligible cohort studies with &gt;300,000 participants and a median follow-up of 11.4 y. We observed a negative nonlinear association between cognitive decline/dementia incidence and dairy intake as assessed through the quantity of consumption, with the nadir at ∼150 g/d (risk ratio: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.78, 0.99). Conversely, we found an almost linear negative association when we considered the frequency of consumption (risk ratio for linear trend: 0.84; 95% confidence interval: 0.77, 0.92 for 1 time/d increase of dairy products). Stratified analysis by dairy products showed different shapes of the association with linear inverse relationship for milk intake, whereas possibly nonlinear for cheese. The inverse association was limited to Asian populations characterized by generally lower intake of dairy products, compared with the null association reported by European studies. In conclusion, our study suggests a nonlinear inverse association between dairy intake and cognitive decline or dementia, also depending on dairy types and population characteristics, although the heterogeneity was still high in overall and several subgroup analyses. Additional studies should be performed on this topic, including a wider range of intake and types of dairy products, to confirm a potential preventing role of dairy intake on cognitive decline and identify ideal intake doses. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020192395.</p