Reviews

1. Demski, Dagnosław – Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila (eds.): Images of the Other in Ethnic Caricatures of Central and Eastern Europe. 2010, Warsaw: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences. 400. ISBN 978-83-89499-76-9; Demski, Dagnosław – Kristóf, Ildikó Sz. – Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila (eds.): Competing Eyes: Visual Encounters with Alterity in Central and Eastern Europe. 2013, Budapest: L’Harmattan. 546. ISBN: 978-963-236-706-4; Demski, Dagnosław - Laineste, Liisi – Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila (eds.): War Matters. Constructing Images of the Other (1930s to 1950s). 2015, Budapest: L’Harmattan. 463. ISBN: 978-2-343-07233-3; Demski, Dagnosław – Kassabova, Anelia – Kristóf, Ildikó Sz. – Laineste, Liisi – Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila (eds.): The Multi-mediatized Other. The Construction of Reality in East-Central Europe, 1945–1980. 2017. Budapest: L’Harmattan. 630. ISBN: 978-2-343- 11863-5 2. Kondrasiuk, Grzegorz (ed.): Cyrk w świecie widowisk [Circus in the World of Spectacles]. 2017, Lublin: Warsztaty Kultury w Lublinie. 478. 117 color illustrations, abstracts in English. ISBN 978-83-64375-26-2 3. Ziolkowski, Jan M.: The Juggler of Notre Dame and Medivalizing of Modernity. Volume 1: The Middle Ages. 2018, Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers. 403, 152 illustrations: 67 black and white, 85 in color. ISBN 978-1-78374-506-7 4. Régi Tamás: Minimális Antropológia [Minimal Anthropology]. 2017, Budapest: Qadmon Kiadó. 197. ISBN 978-615-810-440-1 5. Keszeg Vilmos: A beszélés antropológiája. [Anthropology of Speaking. Notes for Students.] (Néprajzi Egyetemi Jegyzetek 9). 2018, Kolozsvár: Kriza János Néprajzi Társaság – BBTE Magyar Néprajz és Kulturális Antropológia Intézet. 498. ISBN 978-606-9015-05-6 6. Rozwadowski, Andrzej: Rocks, Cracks and Drums: In Search of Ancient Shamanism in Siberia and Central Asia (Translated from Polish by Anieszka Tokarczuk). 2017, Budapest: Molnár & Kelemen Oriental Publishers. 166. ISBN 978-9-6388-2386-

Photoelectrochemistry by Design: Tailoring the Nanoscale Structure of Pt/NiO Composites Leads to Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Performance

Photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution is a promising avenue to store the energy of sunlight in the form of chemical bonds. The recent rapid development of new synthetic approaches enables the nanoscale engineering of semiconductor photoelectrodes, thus tailoring their physicochemical properties toward efficient H₂ formation. In this work, we carried out the parallel optimization of the morphological features of the semiconductor light absorber (NiO) and the cocatalyst (Pt). While nanoporous NiO films were obtained by electrochemical anodization, the monodisperse Pt nanoparticles were synthesized using wet chemical methods. The Pt/NiO nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, ED, TEM, cyclic voltammetry, photovoltammetry, EIS, etc. The relative enhancement of the photocurrent was demonstrated as a function of the nanoparticle size and loading. For mass-specific surface activity the smallest nanoparticles (2.0 and 4.8 nm) showed the best performance. After deconvoluting the trivial geometrical effects (stemming from the variation of Pt particle size and thus the electroactive surface area), however, the intermediate particle sizes (4.8 and 7.2 nm) were found to be optimal. Under optimized conditions, a 20-fold increase in the photocurrent (and thus the H₂ evolution rates) was observed for the nanostructured Pt/NiO composite, compared to the benchmark nanoparticulate NiO film

A rendszerváltozás utáni földtörvények földhasználattal kapcsolatos rendelkezéseinek összehasonlító elemzése

The purpose of this essay is to introduce the circumstances of Hungary’s land acts, which were valid in the past 30 years, what proportions influenced the lawmaker, and what type of results were achieved by the making of these acts. After these, i’d like to compare the 1994. LV. act with the 2013. CXXII. act through the most important land use pretence. As we can see from the title, the main goal is to analyze the land acts after the system change but in my opinion, it is advised to review the times before the system change, until 1987 to be accurate, when the Parliament made the I. act which created the basics of private property proportions in agriculture. The most important provision in connection to this topic is that it allowed everybody to gain ownership of the fieldland. In this context, the noun „everybody” also contains foreign private individuals. We’ll learn from the essay that how did the introduction of the ticket restitution led to a twist in tenures in the later stages. During the recompense, the state would have liked to compensate the previously harmed or their offspring by giving back their lands. The idea was to make the agriculture flourish this way in Hungary. This didn’t turn out the way it was planned because the previous owners were old or their inheritors changed the way of their living. This way, by cheaply purchasing restitution tickets, basically anybody, anywhere could bid for any type of farming branch lands and gain respective immovables. This is the reason why the Parliament made the 1994. LV. act which ruled out the foreigner’s possibility of gaining acquisition of fieldlands in Hungary with a few exceptions. An unanswered question occures: “Why did the Goverment wait until now?” In the next part, I’ll review the factors that influenced the making of the 2013. CXXII. act. Since the validation of the our previous land act, Hungary joined the European Union and we have been given a new Basic Law. We weren’t prepared to meet the requirements of the accession contranct with the European Union since our previous law wasn’t prepared for it. From another point of view, Hungary’s new Basic Law records the definition of fieldlands properly and declares it as a strategical resource which seems appropriate since our country has a meaningful number of fieldlands. After the system change, it became a clear goal that only such a natural person could gain ownership of a fieldland who himself/herself will farm it. Since the P) article this goal is also constitutionally defended. Overall, after my analyses of the Ptk connection’s with the new fieldland act, it became clear that there was no such other act in the past which regulated the land law in such a wholly way

Gait analysis using physical examination and digital techniques

Gait examination is an important component of the patient assessment prior to movement therapy. With the advancement of video technology and computer science, digital analysis of gait has become possible. This research aims to physically examine gait and analyze video recordings using dedicated software. A voluntary group of 10 individuals diagnosed with coxarthrosis or gonarthrosis constituted the study group, while the control group comprised 10 individuals without lower limb musculoskeletal disorders. The mean age of the study group was 57 ±4.03 years, and the mean age of the control group was 54.2 ±3.16 years. The research involved conducting physical examinations of gait and recording walking sessions with body markers. The software facilitated the presentation of marker displacements on diagrams in both vertical and horizontal planes. Visual analysis and a two-sample t-test were employed. The physical musculoskeletal examination successfully identified causes of claudication. Significant differences were observed between the two groups across all kinematic gait indicators. The mean stance width in the test group was 17.65 ±3.09 cm, while the control group averaged 8.75 ±1.23 cm (p < 0.001). The walking speed, assessed using a two-sample t-test, also yielded a significant difference (p < 0.001). Key diagrams representing the groups during functional analysis were presented. Visual analysis revealed distinct variations in marker frequency and vertical and horizontal displacements between the groups. The study group exhibited notable deviations in the displacement diagrams on the affected side of the body. The average of the maximum and minimum points on the charts demonstrated a significant difference between the groups in terms of body displacement. The identified differences in gait between the two groups align with the results of the physical examination. The graphical representation of disparities in body displacement between the two halves of the body in the study group indicates the future potential of digital gait analysis for practical applications and monitoring the effectiveness of physiotherapy

Depletion of muscularis macrophages ameliorates inflammation-driven dysmotility in murine colitis model

Abstract Previously, the presence of a blood-myenteric plexus barrier and its disruption was reported in experimentally induced colitis via a macrophage-dependent process. The aim of this study is to reveal how myenteric barrier disruption and subsequent neuronal injury affects gut motility in vivo in a murine colitis model. We induced colitis with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), with the co-administration of liposome-encapsulated clodronate (l-clodronate) to simultaneously deplete blood monocytes contributing to macrophage infiltration in the inflamed muscularis of experimental mice. DSS-treated animals receiving concurrent l-clodronate injection showed significantly decreased blood monocyte numbers and colon muscularis macrophage (MM) density compared to DSS-treated control (DSS-vehicle). DSS-clodronate-treated mice exhibited significantly slower whole gut transit time than DSS-vehicle-treated animals and comparable to that of controls. Experiments with oral gavage-fed Evans-blue dye showed similar whole gut transit times in DSS-clodronate-treated mice as in control animals. Furthermore, qPCR-analysis and immunofluorescence on colon muscularis samples revealed that factors associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, including Bax1, Hdac4, IL-18, Casp8 and Hif1a are overexpressed after DSS-treatment, but not in the case of concurrent l-clodronate administration. Our findings highlight that MM-infiltration in the muscularis layer is responsible for colitis-associated dysmotility and enteric neuronal dysfunction along with the release of mediators associated with neurodegeneration in a murine experimental model