Profitability development of milk production on the Czech Republic in 2002-2010

This paper examines development of the Czech agriculture through profitability of the dairy - milk in time horizon 2002-2010. The analyse base of the methodology and the database published by Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information in Prague. The aim of the paper is to give an objective information about influence of agrarian policy on the development of milk production, especially with reference to comparison of changes in the pre-accession (period I = 2002-2003) and in the after-accession of CR to the EU with consistent producer prices of milk (period II = 2004-2008) and with reduced producer prices of milk (prediction of period III = 2009-2010). This deals with the economic position of Czech producers related to the most considerable livestock commodity of the Czech agriculture through 2 indicators, profitability without supports (R-S) and profitability with supports (R+S). There was proved that profitability R+S in the period I was negative for dairy sector. In connection with the membership of CR in EU agricultural supports significantly increased for dairy sector as the consequence of applying of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the Czech agriculture. Therefore there were monitored in the period II important positive changes of the indicator R+S for milk commodity. In the connection with the decrease of producer prices in the period III there was found important downgrade of this indicator. For the Czech Republic there were obtained following milk production values of R+S in the period I, resp. II and III 2,1 %, resp. 10,8 and –7,4 %.Common Agricultural Policy, milk profitability, supports, Livestock Production/Industries,

Simulation of Livestock Breeding Economics in Conditions of the EU

In the paper there are described mathematical principles of biological, technological and economic model relations and connections in animal breeding on which the mathematical model AGRO-ZV is based. With the model it is possible to simulate impacts of the agricultural policy on livestock breeding economics and commodity economics in dependence on different agricultural policy variants. In the article there is illustrated a usage of the model for simulation of dairy cattle economics before (2003) and after (2004) the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU.mathematical modeling, livestock breeding, dairy cattle econmics, model AGRO-ZV, Livestock Production/Industries,

Nanocrystalline diamond protects Zr cladding surface against oxygen and hydrogen uptake : Nuclear fuel durability enhancement

In this work, we demonstrate and describe an effective method of protecting zirconium fuel cladding against oxygen and hydrogen uptake at both accident and working temperatures in water-cooled nuclear reactor environments. Zr alloy samples were coated with nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) layers of different thicknesses, grown in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus. In addition to showing that such an NCD layer prevents the Zr alloy from directly interacting with water, we show that carbon released from the NCD film enters the underlying Zr material and changes its properties, such that uptake of oxygen and hydrogen is significantly decreased. After 100–170 days of exposure to hot water at 360 °C, the oxidation of the NCD-coated Zr plates was typically decreased by 40%. Protective NCD layers may prolong the lifetime of nuclear cladding and consequently enhance nuclear fuel burnup. NCD may also serve as a passive element for nuclear safety. NCD-coated ZIRLO claddings have been selected as a candidate for Accident Tolerant Fuel in commercially operated reactors in 2020

Vliv vybranych faktoru v chovu dobytka na ekonomiku vyroby mleka.

Available from STL Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi

Simulation of Livestock Breeding Economics in Conditions of the EU

In the paper there are described mathematical principles of biological, technological and economic model relations and connections in animal breeding on which the mathematical model AGRO-ZV is based. With the model it is possible to simulate impacts of the agricultural policy on livestock breeding economics and commodity economics in dependence on different agricultural policy variants. In the article there is illustrated a usage of the model for simulation of dairy cattle economics before (2003) and after (2004) the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU

Profitability development of milk production on the Czech Republic in 2002-2010

This paper examines development of the Czech agriculture through profitability of the dairy - milk in time horizon 2002-2010. The analyse base of the methodology and the database published by Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information in Prague. The aim of the paper is to give an objective information about influence of agrarian policy on the development of milk production, especially with reference to comparison of changes in the pre-accession (period I = 2002-2003) and in the after-accession of CR to the EU with consistent producer prices of milk (period II = 2004-2008) and with reduced producer prices of milk (prediction of period III = 2009-2010). This deals with the economic position of Czech producers related to the most considerable livestock commodity of the Czech agriculture through 2 indicators, profitability without supports (R-S) and profitability with supports (R+S). There was proved that profitability R+S in the period I was negative for dairy sector. In connection with the membership of CR in EU agricultural supports significantly increased for dairy sector as the consequence of applying of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the Czech agriculture. Therefore there were monitored in the period II important positive changes of the indicator R+S for milk commodity. In the connection with the decrease of producer prices in the period III there was found important downgrade of this indicator. For the Czech Republic there were obtained following milk production values of R+S in the period I, resp. II and III 2,1 %, resp. 10,8 and –7,4 %

THE ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION IN THE CZECH TRANSITION AGRICULTURE

The paper examines the development of the Czech transition agriculture through profitability without supports (R-S) and profitability with supports (R+S) of the dairy breeding, resp. milk production on the period 2002 – 2011. For this particular branch of agriculture the accession of the CR to the EU has meant an important change of the agrarian policy, which transformed from the pure national (Czech) agrarian policy into the European CAP. There was proved that profitability R+S in the pre-accession period (period I = 2002-2003) was slightly positive for dairy sector. In connection with the membership of CR in EU agricultural supports significantly increased for dairy sector as the consequence of applying of CAP on the Czech agriculture. Therefore there were monitored in the period II (2004-2008) important positive changes of the indicator R+S for milk commodity. In the connection with the volatility of producer prices and costs increasing in the period III (2009-2001) there was found important downgrade of this indicator

Crystal structures of eta ''-Cu3+xSi and eta '''-Cu3+xSi

International audienceThe binary phase diagram of Cu-Si is unexpectedly complex in the vicinity of Cu3+xSi. The low-temperature region contains three closely related incommensurately modulated phases denoted, in order of increasing temperature of stability, eta''', eta '' and eta'. The structure analysis of eta' has been reported previously [Palatinus et al. (2011). Inorg. Chem. 50, 3743]. Here the structure model for the phases eta '' and eta''' is reported. The structures could be solved in superspace, but no superspace structure model could be constructed due to the complexity of the modulation functions. Therefore, the structures were described in a supercell approximation, which involved a 4 x 4 x 3 supercell for the eta '' phase and a 14 x 14 x 3 supercell for the eta''' phase. Both structures are very similar and differ only by a subtle symmetry lowering from eta '' to eta'''. A comparison of the structure models of eta '' and eta''' with the reported structure of eta' suggests that the reported structure model of eta' contains an incorrect assignment of atomic types

Crystal structures of eta ''-Cu3+xSi and eta '''-Cu3+xSi

International audienceThe binary phase diagram of Cu-Si is unexpectedly complex in the vicinity of Cu3+xSi. The low-temperature region contains three closely related incommensurately modulated phases denoted, in order of increasing temperature of stability, eta''', eta '' and eta'. The structure analysis of eta' has been reported previously [Palatinus et al. (2011). Inorg. Chem. 50, 3743]. Here the structure model for the phases eta '' and eta''' is reported. The structures could be solved in superspace, but no superspace structure model could be constructed due to the complexity of the modulation functions. Therefore, the structures were described in a supercell approximation, which involved a 4 x 4 x 3 supercell for the eta '' phase and a 14 x 14 x 3 supercell for the eta''' phase. Both structures are very similar and differ only by a subtle symmetry lowering from eta '' to eta'''. A comparison of the structure models of eta '' and eta''' with the reported structure of eta' suggests that the reported structure model of eta' contains an incorrect assignment of atomic types

Leolani: A reference machine with a theory of mind for social communication

Our state of mind is based on experiences and what other people tell us. This may result in conflicting information, uncertainty, and alternative facts. We present a robot that models relativity of knowledge and perception within social interaction following principles of the theory of mind. We utilized vision and speech capabilities on a Pepper robot to build an interaction model that stores the interpretations of perceptions and conversations in combination with provenance on its sources. The robot learns directly from what people tell it, possibly in relation to its perception. We demonstrate how the robot’s communication is driven by hunger to acquire more knowledge from and on people and objects, to resolve uncertainties and conflicts, and to share awareness of the perceived environment. Likewise, the robot can make reference to the world and its knowledge about the world and the encounters with people that yielded this knowledge