DOPING - CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF PROHIBITED POWER-ENHANCING SUBSTANCES

The term of ‘doping` refers to taking prohibited substances and drugs in order to enhance performance in sport activities. These medicines provide more strength and endurance than the typical sport shape. This term itself derives from Africa. Natives from Kaffir tribe used to prepare a drink named `Dope` for their religious ceremonies to achieve trance-like state of mind. Europeans began to use it in 1889 naming that way a mixture of opium, painkillers and tobacco, designed for racing horses. Types of prohibited power-enhancing substances are the following: first group stimulants, second-anabolic steroids, third - diuretics, fourth - opioid analgesics (morphine-like painkillers), fifth - peptides, hormones, mimetics and their analogues. Blood doping - one performs transfusion of blood or blood-based products to increase artificially hemoglobin levels, thus enhancing oxygen saturation of the tissues. This method is banned, obsolete and rarely used. Nowadays urine manipulation is used - different substances and methods are applied to compromise the samples` quality and integrity thus making any further analysis impossible

Modelling and forecasting structural change in transition The case of Bulgaria

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:3597.3859(LBS-CEF-DP--6-95) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

The Scientific Session Devoted To The 70th Anniversary Of The Medical College Of Varna October 5, 2012 Varna

Варненски медицински форум (Varna Medical Forum) V. 1, No 1 (2012