Analysis of promising areas of constructive and technological improvement of units for digging seedlings

The ways to improve the technological process aimed at the digging of various plant species consists of various successive stages. Among them, we can single out the stage of analysis of already existing structural and technological solutions. The article presents an analysis of the directions of development of digging units. The source of information was the open registers of the FIPS of the Russian Federation and foreign databases. During the analysis, the main ways of improving the technological process of digging seedlings and technical solutions for its implementation, as well as ways to achieve a blocked technical result, were identified. Based on the data obtained, a design and technological scheme of the digging bracket has been developed. Further ways of improving the proposed technical solution are outlined

Uniformity of the soil tillage depth with tools with disk working bodies

The qualitative parameters of tillage with tools with disk working bodies are influenced by a variety of structural, technological and operational factors. One of these parameters is the uniformity of the depth of tillage, and the influencing factors include the relief of the field, the speed of movement, the method of fastening the working bodies and others. The article presents an overview of the ways of attaching individual disk working bodies to the frame and their effect on the uniformity of the working depth. It is proposed to use a combined statistical method for a more reliable and qualitative assessment of the uniformity of the tillage depth

The results of the study of the qualitative parameters of the multifunctional seeding machine

The article presents a constructive scheme of a multifunctional seeding apparatus and substantiates the relevance of its use for agricultural producers of the Southern Federal district with a total area of arable land up to 50-70 hectares. This multifunctional seeding machine allows sowing in various ways for each crop. To assess the qualitative performance of the multifunctional seeding machine in Kuban State University named after I. T. Trubilin, a private methodology and experimental setup were developed at the PriMa department. A mathematical model of the frequency of a single seed supply by a multifunctional seeding machine for sowing corn and wheat has been developed. The parameters for the rational mode of operation of the multifunctional sowing machine for sowing wheat and corn have been determined: the rotation frequency of the disk n, the pressure in the seed chamber P and the frequency of a single seed supply is M for sowing wheat and corn. It was found that the frequency of a single seed supply during wheat sowing is more influenced by the value of excess pressure in the seed chamber. The frequency of a single seed supply during corn sowing is greatly influenced by the value of excess pressure in the seed chamber

Design and technological scheme of a multifunctional seeding unit

Currently, the vast majority of agricultural producers in the Southern Federal District with a total area of arable land up to 50-70 hectares cultivate three main crops, namely grain ears, usually winter wheat, and row crops – corn for grain and sunflower. Grain ear crops are sown in the usual ordinary way, and row crops use the dotted method. These key agrotechnological features lead to the need to use different sowing machines equipped with different types of sowing units. Since the vast majority of agricultural producers of the Southern Federal district with a total area of arable land up to 50-70 hectares do not use monoculture in the structure of crops, this leads to a low annual load of these seeders. This is through deductions for depreciation, maintenance service and repairs inevitably affect the final cost of production. It should also be noted that often, due to the high cost of sowing machines, small agricultural producers are not able to purchase the required agricultural machinery, in addition, this is most often not economically feasible. The use of hired units does not allow sowing in the specified agrotechnical terms, which significantly reduces their productivity and quality parameters. The use of specialized seeders leads to an increase in metal consumption and multi-marking on the farm. This problem can be solved by using a multifunctional seeding machine (MSU). This will make it possible to abandon the use of specialized seeders and perform sowing of grain and row crops with the same machine by carrying out conversion for a specific crop. We have de-scribed the design scheme of the MSU and the principle of its operation. The technical result of the development is also presented and the way to achieve is described

On the Prospects of Using Metallic Glasses for In-vessel Mirrors for Plasma Diagnostics in ITER

This chapter reviews main results obtained on mirror-like samples made of several grades of bulk metallic glasses (BMG). Experiments were carried out under simulated conditions typical for the operation of plasma facing in-vessel mirrors of optical plasma diagnostics in fusion reactor ITER. Bombardment with D0 and T0 atoms radiated from burning plasma was predicted to be the main reason for the degradation of optical properties of such mirrors. Therefore, to simulate the behavior of mirrors in ITER, mirror-like samples were subjected to bombardment by ions of deuterium plasma with fixed or wide energy distribution. The effects of ion bombardment on optical properties, development of roughness, uptake of deuterium, appearance of blisters, and manifestation of some chemical processes are presented and discussed

Influence of Design and Technological Parameters of Disk Working Bodies on the Height of the Crest of the Bottom of the Furrow

Disks are one of the most common tillage working bodies used both on independent machines and tools, and as part of combined aggregates. Compliance with agrotechnical requirements is a necessary condition for improving the technological efficiency of the disk working bodies. The height of the furrow bottom ridge depends on a number of design and technological parameters of adjacent disks, as well as the distance between them. In the article, analytical expressions are obtained that allow us to describe the relationship between the height of furrow bottom ridge formed between the projections of cutting edges of adjacent disks, structural and technological parameters, and a given orientation scheme

Analysis of the directions of the development of mechanization units for processing the neartrunk area in the garden

The final cost of gardening products is influenced by many factors including the tillage costs. Most often, the soil in the near-trunk area of gardens is kept under black fallow, and soil treatment is usually carried out by rotary machines with a vertical axis of rotation. The article presents the analysis of directions of the development of mechanization units for soil tillage in conventional in the near-trunk area of gardens due to information of open registers of FIIP (Federal Institute of Industrial Property) of Russia. As a result of the analysis, the classification of the main types of technical results is performed and the main requirements for tillage machines are formulated, the implementation of which will increase the efficiency of gardening

Justification of design parameters of a disk working body with a changing radius of curvature

In recent years, the improvement of the technological process of soil treatment is based on the use of working bodies with a curved shape of the working surface, which can increase the agro-technical and reduce the energy-intensive parameters of soil treatment. Agricultural units with disk working bodies are one of the most common machines in agriculture. The article presents a design scheme of a disk working organ with a working surface made along the Archimedes ’ spiral. Expressions are obtained for designing the working surface of the disk with the specified initial parameters