Factors of the marketing macro system effecting children’s food production

The article reveals unsettled reasons of changing in the children’s food market. Various political, economic, demographic, sociological, natural, and technological forces are extensively used in the paper to examine the external influence on the market. The aim of the research is a consequent evaluation of children’s food production factors on the macro level of the vegetable market. The novelty of the study explains the research methodology which is based on a factor analysis of a marketing system influence on the macro level. The study presents a quantitative expert evaluation of the main factors in the vegetable market. We use the total integer indicator to study a degree of influence both in complex and separately. An improved methodology is outlined in three sections. The first section gives an overview of marketing forces at the macro level. The second section examines the most significant negative and positive factors in the complex. Finally, our propositions for market development are drawn in the final section. It is suggested that economic, demographic and socio-geographic factors affect mostly at the macro level. Calculation of total threats and opportunities in factor groups proves a negative tendency in the development of enterprises which offer vegetable products for children. Based on the factors grouping results, the authors propose further alternative strategies for marketing development in vegetable enterprises such as Internet purchasing and upgraded food canal chain management.У статті розкриваються неврегульовані причини зміни маркетингового середовища на ринку продуктів дитячого харчування. Мета дослідження – послідовна оцінка факторів зовнішнього маркетингового середовища ринку овочів, які пропонуються для дитячого харчування. Обґрунтовується, що на макрорівні основними факторами є економічні, демографічні та соціально-географічні. Обчислення загроз і можливостей у групах факторів свідчить про негативну ринкову ситуацію для розвитку підприємств із виробництва овочевої продукції для дітей. Ґрунтуючись на результатах групування чинників, автори пропонують додаткові альтернативні стратегії розвитку маркетингу на овочевих підприємствах, такі як Інтернет-закупки й модернізація логістики продуктів харчування

A model of consumer buying behavior in relation to eco-intelligent products in catering

Growing negative changes cause a deterioration in food quality, which makes people select organic and eco-intelligent food. The aim of the article is to analyze various types of customer behavior using an example of a local catering company that offers eco-intelligent food. The company’s brand operates two catering stores located in different parts of an urban city. The interview of existing and potential customers was conducted within 1,000-meter radius of store locations at peak hours (7:30–10:00 am and 12:00–2:30 pm). The model of consumer behavior is centered on the main principle of deciding to buy eco-intelligent food. The data suggest that customers are looking for additional necessary services, which are vital for eco-intelligent products and expanded selection according to the store’s format. Both the time of the ordering processing and the ability to order a personalized meal have the main influence on customers’ decision. Large selection of eco culinary products in the stores attracts local residents to visit one of these stores at least once a week. An essential feature of a culinary store offering eco-intelligent food is high-quality prepared food. The study recommends expanding promotional programs to give consumers additional knowledge about the advantages of organic nutrition. The prevalent consumer model describes a woman under 40 years old who visits a store at least once a week for lunch and prefers a comfortable environment and a diverse selection of quality eco-food

Ul Mira 14, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia 6 St. Petersburg Hospital No. 31, Pr. Dinamo 3, Saint Petersburg

The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a global problem; however, no exact data on the epidemiology of carbapenemase in the Baltic countries and St. Petersburg area is available. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of carbapenemaseproducing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Baltic States and St. Petersburg, Russia, and to compare the different methods for carbapenemase detection. From January to May 2012, all K. pneumoniae ( = 1983) and E. coli ( = 7774) clinical isolates from 20 institutions in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and St. Petersburg, Russia were screened for carbapenem susceptibility. The IMP, VIM, GIM, NDM, KPC, and OXA-48 genes were detected using real-time PCR and the ability to hydrolyze ertapenem was determined using MALDI-TOF MS. Seventy-seven strains were found to be carbapenem nonsusceptible. From these, 15 K. pneumoniae strains hydrolyzed ertapenem and carried the NDM gene. All of these strains carried integron 1 and most carried integron 3 as well as genes of the CTX-M-1 group. No carbapenemase-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae strains were found in Estonia, Latvia, or Lithuania; however, NDM-positive K. pneumoniae was present in the hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia. A MALDI-TOF MS-based assay is a suitable and cost-effective method for the initial confirmation of carbapenemase production

Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Baltic Countries and St. Petersburg Area

The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a global problem; however, no exact data on the epidemiology of carbapenemase in the Baltic countries and St. Petersburg area is available. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Baltic States and St. Petersburg, Russia, and to compare the different methods for carbapenemase detection. From January to May 2012, all K. pneumoniae  n=1983 and E. coli  n=7774 clinical isolates from 20 institutions in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and St. Petersburg, Russia were screened for carbapenem susceptibility. The IMP, VIM, GIM, NDM, KPC, and OXA-48 genes were detected using real-time PCR and the ability to hydrolyze ertapenem was determined using MALDI-TOF MS. Seventy-seven strains were found to be carbapenem nonsusceptible. From these, 15 K. pneumoniae strains hydrolyzed ertapenem and carried the blaNDM gene. All of these strains carried integron 1 and most carried integron 3 as well as genes of the CTX-M-1 group. No carbapenemase-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae strains were found in Estonia, Latvia, or Lithuania; however, NDM-positive K. pneumoniae was present in the hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia. A MALDI-TOF MS-based assay is a suitable and cost-effective method for the initial confirmation of carbapenemase production