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    Π“Π ΠΠΠ£Π›ΠžΠ¦Π˜Π’ΠΠ ΠΠ«Π™ ΠΠΠΠŸΠ›ΠΠ—ΠœΠžΠ— Π§Π•Π›ΠžΠ’Π•ΠšΠ

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    Natural focal tick-borne infections are widespread in the world and are characterized by a great etiologic diversity. Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis (HGA), also transmitted by the bite of ticks became relevant in the last century of detection not only in animals but also in humans. The review provides an overview of the incidence of HGA in Russia and in the world, the prevalence of the habitat of mites, the diversity of reservoirs and sources of infection, mechanisms and pathways of transmission of the pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum and its biological features. The links and stages of the disease pathogenesis are considered in detail. Scientific data on the clinical course of the disease, the frequency and diversity of various symptoms of the disease, the issues of laboratory and differential diagnosis of anaplasmosis and its place in the nosological structure in patients with fever of unknown origin are discussed. At the same time, choosing a method of laboratory diagnostics it is necessary to take into account that molecular-genetic method (polymerase chain reaction PCR-diagnosis) allows to confirm the diagnosis quickly, while serological methods of research in a greater degree - to put a retrospective diagnosis. The article presents current data on the treatment of disease and methods of HGA prevention and also presents the results of the authors’ own observations based on the survey of 63 patients. The analysis of Moscow residents treatment about sucking mites is carried out and summarized the incidence of infections transmitted by ixode mites. For the diagnosis of HGA and other tick-borne fever used a technique called polymerase chain reaction. It has been revealed that in Moscow, lime borreliosis occupies a leading place among mites associated with infections 60%, and the share of granulocytic anaplasmosis of a person is only 5% of patients. However, the study of ticks for the presence of HGA pathogens and other natural focal tick infections is carried out in insufficient volume (less than 30%), which should be considered in clinical and laboratory differential diagnosis, as well as preventive measures.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΡ‡Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ трансмиссивныС ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ распространСниС Π² ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ большим этиологичСским Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π“Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ· Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° (ГАЧ) - трансмиссивноС Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ΡΡ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· укус ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ, стало Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° послС Π΅Π³ΠΎ выявлСния Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρƒ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ прСдставлСна информация ΠΎ заболСваСмости ГАЧ Π² России ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅, распространСнности Π°Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Π° обитания ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ-пСрСносчиков, ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ источников ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ… ΠΈ путях ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ возбудитСля, биологичСских особСнностях возбудитСля заболСвания Anaplasma phagocytophilum. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ рассмотрСны звСнья ΠΈ стадии ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ± особСнностях клиничСского тСчСния заболСвания, ΠΎ частотС ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… симптомов Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ вопросы Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ диагностики Π°Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ мСсто Π² нозологичСской структурС Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π»ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ нСясного Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ диагностики Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ молСкулярно-гСнСтичСский ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ (полимСразная цСпная рСакция ПЦР-диагностика) позволяСт быстро ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·, Π° сСрологичСскиС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ исслСдования Π² большСй стСпСни - ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ рСтроспСктивный Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ГАЧ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ приводятся Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ собствСнных наблюдСний Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° основС обслСдования 63 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· случаСв обращСния ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π³. ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ присасывания ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ заболСваСмости инфСкциями, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ иксодовыми ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‰Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Для диагностики ГАЧ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ использовали ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. ВыявлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π³. МосквС срСди ассоциированных с ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‰Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ мСсто Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π›Π°ΠΉΠΌ-Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ· (60%), Π° доля Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° составляСт Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ 5% Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…. ВмСстС с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ выявлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ исслСдованиС ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° присутствиС Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ГАЧ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΡ‡Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ проводится Π² нСдостаточном объСмС (ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 30%), Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ клиничСской ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ диагностикС, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ профилактичСских мСроприятий

    the influence of genetic factors on the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of antiretroviral therapy in patients with hiv infection

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    This article provides an overview of the existing literature on the pharmacogenetic determinants of exposure and toxicity of antiretroviral drugs, as well as on genetic markers associated with the rate of disease progression. In addition, this article looks at current clinical opportunities as well as genetics in HIV drug development. Large-scale, integrated approaches to the genome are expected to significantly change the knowledge landscape in the future. Β© 2021 Interregional public organization Association of infectious disease specialists of Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region (IPO AIDSSPbR). All rights reserved
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