Sciences, sociétés, pouvoirs : approches historiques

Dominique Pestre, directeur d’études Dominique Pestre a donné un cours de master 1, a animé un séminaire pour le master 2 et tenu un séminaire de recherche. Le cours fut semestriel. Intitulé « Oublier la science pour penser les sciences », il a consisté à présenter le champ des études sur la science tel qu’il s’est déployé depuis les années 1970. L’approche fut thématique même si elle a suivi un ordre globalement chronologique. Ce cours a permis de tester un ouvrage de présentation que j’ai p..

Planning and Design of Urban Green Networks in Stockholm

Green and blue spaces, together with other land use changes are determining factors of habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and decline of ecosystem services in urbanized areas (Adriaensen et al., 2003; Collinge, 1996; Kong et al., 2010; Teng et al., 2011). In attempt to tackle the issue, network connectivity is regarded as a suitable approach from an ecological (CookVan Lier, 1994) and social perspective (Teng et al., 2011). Landscape-scale connectivity is normally built on a ‘patch-corridor-matrix’ model to describe structural or functional continuity in a spatial and time configuration (FormanGodron, 1986). A graph-theoretic approach therefore can provide an operable way of framing and evaluating features of connectivity (Bunn et al., 2000; MinorUrban, 2008; Zetterberg et al., 2010). In this paper, the concept of ‘green networks’ is expanded into a concrete analytical framework for studying green and blue linkages, as well as social and ecological connections and integrations. We selected Stockholm, capital city of Sweden and green capital of Europe 2010, as an example of a city with ample urban green spaces, but also with challenges in terms of green space fragmentation. The main research questions of this paper are: how can the green network concept provide a comprehensive framework for analysing landscape and habitat fragmentation, and how current city green-blue spaces planning can and design benefit from it

Recreational use of urban green space in Malaysian cities

To support green space provision and management, it is important to obtain accurate information about the recreational use of green space, regarding use frequency and types of use, visiting time and duration of visits, but also on how the characteristics of different users influence these. Although these studies have become more common in developed countries, developing countries are lagging behind. In Malaysia, major cities such as Kuala Lumpur (Peninsular Malaysia) and Kuching (Sarawak) have experienced growth and policy makers recognise the importance of their green spaces, but lack comprehensive user studies. This paper presents the results from a comparative study on the use of green spaces and visitor preferences for five selected parks in Kuala Lumpur and Kuching. The study comprised, among others, a survey among residents living within a two kilometre radius of the park boundaries. A total of 1,692 respondents answered the questionnaire. Results show that close to 9 out of 10 people living within a 2 km radius of the studied parks use them for recreational purposes. Most of the respondents visit the parks during weekends and typically travel by car, in spite of the short distance to the park. The study also identified differences in green space usage patterns according to different socio-demographic and economic factors, including ethnicity. Malaysians of Chinese descent, for example, have a greater preference for using parks during the morning compared to Malaysians of Malay and Indian descent. Differences were also found regarding motivations for using the parks. However, various similarities can also be noted, e.g. regarding length of use visiting together with family members. It is important for park management to recognise park use patterns and preferences, in particular also where different groups are concerned