Burnout in Organizational Life

Burnout is a psychological response to work stress that is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced feelings of personal accomplishment. In this paper, we review the burnout literature from 1993 to present, identifying important trends that have characterized the literature. We focus our attention on theoretical models that explain the process of burnout, the measurement of burnout, means of reducing burnout, and directions for the future of burnout research.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Nanocrystalline two phase isotropic magnets produced by HEBM method - stage I

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki wstępnych prac wytwarzania nanokrystalicznych proszków metodą wysokoenergetycznego rozdrabniania. Wykorzystano je następnie jako surowiec do wytwarzania nanokrystalicznych magnesów neodymowych jednofazowych. Określono wpływ parametrów procesu mielenia, w dostępnym młynku kulowo-planetarnym, na morfologię i właściwości magnetyczne wytworzonych próbek magnesów. Wyniki prac pokazały, że stosując długotrwałe mielenie stopu Nd-Fe-B w młynku planetarno-kulowym możliwe jest wytworzenie proszków nanokrystalicznych, a nawet o amorficznej budowie cząstek. Nadmierne rozdrobnienie cząstek proszku i jego amorfizacja wpływa niekorzystnie na gęstość i właściwości magnetyczne magnesów otrzymywanych metodą zagęszczania na gorąco.The paper presents the results of preliminary work of production process of nanocrystalline powders by high-energy ball milling. These powders then were used as raw materials for the manufacturing of single-phase nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnets. The influence of the milling process parameters on the morphology and magnetic properties of produced magnets were examined. The results of the work have shown that applying long-term milling of Nd-Fe-B alloy allows to obtain nanocrystalline powders or even powders with amorphous structure of particles. However, overmilling of powder, which result is its amorphousation, adversely affects the density and magnetic properties of magnets produced with the use of hot densification method

Wpływ humianu sodowego z węgla brunatnego na rozwój roślin [Effect of sodium humate from lignite on plants grown under various culture conditions]

The effect of humate on the uptake of Fe-ions has already been proved. In the present paper other advantages of humate are indicated. If plants are grown in optimum conditions humate has no effect. In more concentrated solutions humate acts as a preventive factor and provides for more economical use of the solution (yield increase 40%). When high doses of P and Cu are used, humate weakens their harmful effect on plants; with pH too low or too high, it acts protectively. Humate was tested also in the transplantation of vegetatively propagated young orchid plants from sterile conditions into a natural medium; in that case it also showed a protective effect

Vitamin D inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa- pilot study

Abstract Background Vitamin D plays an important role in inflammatory responses after antigen exposure. Interleukin-23 (Il-23) promotes Il-17-dependent inflammation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) pulmonary infection. We aimed to compare the ability of calcitriol and cholecalciferol to modulate the inflammatory response of the CF airways infected with P. aeruginosa. Methods This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twenty-three patients with CF (aged 6–19), chronically infected by P. aeruginosa were randomly assigned to: calcitriol group receiving 1,25(OH)2D 0,5 mcg daily or cholecalciferol group receiving cholecalciferol 1000 IU daily for three months. The levels of Il-23 and Il-17A in the exhaled breath concentrate (EBC) were measured. Calcium-phosphorus balance was also evaluated (serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus, 25OHD, parathormone (PTH) and calcium/creatinine ratio in urine). Data were analyzed using means of Stata/Special Edition, release 14.2. A level of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The level of Il-17A in EBC significantly decreased in calcitriol group from 0,475 pg/mL (± SD 0,515 pg/mL) to 0,384 pg/mL (± SD 0,429 pg/mL) (p = 0,008); there was no change in cholecalciferol group (p = 0,074). The level of Il-23 in EBC did not significantly change in calcitriol group (p = 0,086); there was significant decrease in cholecalciferol group from 8,90 pg/mL (± SD 4,07 pg/mL) to 7,33 pg/mL (± SD 3,88 pg/mL) (p = 0,001). In calcitriol group serum phosphorus and PTH significantly decreased (p = 0,021 and p = 0,019 respectively), the concentration of calcium significantly increased (p = 0,001); there were no changes in cholecalciferol group. Conclusions Both analogs of vitamin D revealed their anti-inflammatory effect and reduced the level of Il-17A and Il-23 in the airway of CF patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection. We observed improvement in calcium-phosphorus metabolism after supplementation with calcitriol, without adverse effects. It is recommended to use vitamin D in CF patients