Corporate Governance Assessment on the Top 100 Chinese Listed Companies.

Corporate governance of listed companies has become a focus in China capital market. Corporate governance being the most important organization structure and control mechanism of modern enterprises is directly affected by its external environment and internal mechanism. In view of the external environment, legal system, market system, monitoring capability, socio-economic system, cultural environmental etc. will all affect the effectiveness of corporate governance from different aspects. The effectiveness of corporate governance is very much related to government governance or the even broader public governance. In view of a companys internal environment, corporate governance involves the balance amongst the board of directors, the management, shareholders and other stakeholders. The core objective is to solve the agency issues of the companys internal and external parties by appropriately arranged policies, so that management can endeavor for the maximization of profits for shareholders and stakeholders. Well corporate governance not only can provide effective monitoring, but can also encourage enterprises to create wealth for the society to the uttermost, and become a pattern for enterprise citizen.Corporate governance, China, firm behaviour

Helical Structures in Vertically Aligned Dust Particle Chains in a Complex Plasma

Self-assembly of structures from vertically aligned, charged dust particle bundles within a glass box placed on the lower, powered electrode of a RF GEC cell were produced and examined experimentally. Self-organized formation of one-dimensional vertical chains, two-dimensional zigzag structures and three-dimensional helical structures of triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, and heptagonal symmetries are shown to occur. System evolution is shown to progress from a one-dimensional chain structure, through a zigzag transition to a two-dimensional, spindle-like structure and then to various three-dimensional, helical structures exhibiting multiple symmetries. Stable configurations are found to be dependent upon the system confinement, (where are the horizontal and vertical dust resonance frequencies), the total number of particles within a bundle and the RF power. For clusters having fixed numbers of particles, the RF power at which structural transitions occur is repeatable and exhibits no observable hysteresis. The critical conditions for these structural transitions as well as the basic symmetry exhibited by the one-, two- and three-dimensional structures that subsequently develop are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted configurations of minimum energy determined employing molecular dynamics simulations for charged dust particles confined in a prolate, spheroidal potential as presented theoretically by Kamimura and Ishihara [10]

A Simple Method to Measure the Interaction Potential of Dielectric Grains in a Dusty Plasma

A simple minimally perturbative method is introduced which provides the ability to experimentally measure both the radial confining potential and the interaction potential between two individual dust particles, levitated in the sheath of a radio-frequency (RF) argon discharge. In this technique, a single dust particle is dropped into the plasma sheath to interact with a second individual dust particle already situated at the system's equilibrium point, without introducing any external perturbation. The resulting data is analyzed using a method employing a polynomial fit to the particle displacement(s), X(t), to reduce uncertainty in calculation. Employing this technique, the horizontal confinement is shown to be parabolic over a wide range of pressures and displacements from the equilibrium point. The interaction potential is also measured and shown to be well-described by a screened Coulomb potential and to decrease with increasing pressure. Finally, the charge on the particle and the effective dust screening distance are calculated. It is shown for the first time experimentally that the charge on a particle in the sheath of an RF plasma decreases with increasing pressure, in agreement with theoretical predictions. The screening distance also decreases with increasing pressure as expected. This technique can be used for rapid determination of particle parameters in dusty plasma