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Not AvailableThe effect of processing techniques (soaking, roasting and microwave irradiation) on biochemical parameters of groundnut, especially resistant starch (RS) and non-resistant starch (NRS), along with phytic acid (PA), iron (Fe), PA/Fe molar ratio and sugars were studied. Changes in RS and NRS content after processing have not been reported yet. Roasting for 12 min at 160 ◦C caused an increase in RS (61.1 %) and NRS (67.2 %) content in the GAUG-10 genotype. Water-soaking of kernels for 8 h reduced the amount of PA and increased the amount of Fe and the molar ratio of PA/Fe. Processing techniques reduced sugar alcohols (inositol and mannitol) and stachyose content in groundnut kernels. Variation in nutritional and antinutritional traits of groundnut influenced by processing technique suggests a degree of genotypic tolerance.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), also called a peanut, is an important food legume and oilseed crop of the tropical and subtropical worlds. They are presently grown on about 29 million hectares of land in about 120 countries in different agro-climatic zones between latitudes 40ºS and 40ºN from where about 49 million tons of groundnut pods are harvested every year. It is native to South America and presently cultivated mainly in Asia (11.5 m ha), Africa (16.7 m ha) and the Americas (1.4 m ha) in their arid to semi-arid regions. On a large scale it is grown mainly in India, China, Nigeria, USA, Sudan, Myanmar, Argentina, Chad, Senegal and Tanzania. It is consumed world-wide due to its high-energy, protein and mineral contents. It is eaten raw, after roasting, frying, salting or boiling and is used in many preparations and confectionery products and its demand is increasing. Groundnut requires a warm growing season with well distributed rainfall of 500-1000 mm and is now cultivated across a wide range of climates, mostly rainfed with one or two types of protective irrigation. Though the world’s average productivity of groundnut is around 1650 kg ha-1, about 40% of countries had productivity of less than 1000 kg ha-1 due to poor soil fertility and erratic rainfall, and only 29% of the countries show their productivity >2000 kg ha-1. India and China which account for about 33% of the area, produce more than 51% of the groundnut and are major consumers as well as suppliers. However, in most of the African countries groundnut is grown on marginal soil under low input, and need the immediate attention of researchers and policy makers. India, USA, Argentina and the Shadong province of China have been producing the best quality groundnut in the world and had export demand the world over. On average the groundnut seed contains 45% oil, 25% protein, 6% sugar, 9% fiber, 6% moisture and 2% minerals besides several vitamins and phytochemicals. The consumption of groundnut is decided mainly based on its oil, protein and sugar contents and broadly categorized as oil types and confectionary types. The vitamins and minerals present in the seed increased its importance as medicinal and nutraceutical. The characteristics for confectionary uses are High sound mature seeds (SMS), no aflatoxin contamination, attractive seed size and shape, pink or tan seed color, flavour, low oil (<45%), low (<1%) free fatty acid (FFA), high sugars (> 6%), high protein (>24%) blanchability (>60%) and high Zn (> 50 mg kg-1).Not Availabl

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Not AvailableKernel size coupled with the nutritional quality will determine the worth of groundnut for direct consumption or export. Focusing on this objective one hundred and fifty advanced breeding lines (ABLs) in both Spanish and Virginia botanical varieties were evaluated with four checks under Augmented Design during Kharif, 2018 at ICAR- Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat. Significant difference was observed for days to 50% flowering, hundred pod weight (g), hundred kernel weight (g), sound mature kernel (%), shelling percent, pod weight per plant (g), and protein percent. Pod yield per plant (g) registered highest estimates of GCV and PCV. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for 100 pod weight (g), 100 kernel weight (g), sound mature kernel percentage and pod yield per plant (g) traits which indicates a significant role of additive gene action for inheritance of these traits which may be exploited through simple selection methods. Eleven genotypes viz., PBS 19013, PBS 19015, PBS 19018, PBS 29079 B, PBS 29082, PBS 29124, PBS 29167, PBS 29196, PBS 29197, PBS 29212 and PBS 29219 had good confectionery quality traits viz., large seed size (HKW: >55 g; KL: >1.5cm and KW: >0.7cm), high protein (>30%), high total soluble sugar (>5 %), moderate oil (42- 48%), uniform pod size and shape, high pod yield per plant (> 10g) and good shelling percentage (>60%). These promising genotypes can directly be released as a variety after testing in multi-location AICRP-G trials or can be used in hybridization programmes as donor parents for improving confectionery qualities in groundnut.Not Availabl

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International Web Conference on Global Research Initiatives for Sustainable Agriculture & Allied Sciences (GRISAAS-2021)An enhanced adaptation to specific environmental conditions could provide higher seed quality and quantity from groundnuts. In this investigation, 40 groundnut genotypes and three checks were evaluated for agronomical and biochemical quality traits in two different locations, Bikaner, Rajasthan and Junagadh, Gujarat during Kharif, 2019 and 2020. The traits of hundred kernel weight (HKW), shelling percentage (SP), pod yield per plant, oil percent, protein percent and antioxidant value indicated significant differences among the genotypes. The statistical model GGE bi-plot was used to identify the ideal and representative location for each genotype for each trait. The highest pod yield was observed for PBS 29079B at Bikaner and PBS 29137 at Junagadh, respectively. PBS 29079B is stable and high for HKW in both environments which is desirable for commercial production as a Runner commercial type whereas PBS 19013, 19015, 29230, 29232, 29243, 29082 found low HKW (<65 gm) in both environments. The genotypes PBS 29233, PBS 29189 and PBS 19018 presented the highest oil yield and were relatively stable across locations which can be evaluated as candidates for cultivar releases in the two studied climatic areas whereas PBS 29082 is the low yielder with stable expression which can be used as a parent for confectionery groundnut development. PBS 29082 and PBS 29069 are the high and stable yielders for protein content (>32%) in both environments. PBS 29228 is the stable genotype with high antioxidant value (>8 mM trolox per g) and PBS 29069 is low and stable yielder for antioxidant value (<5 mM trolox per g). The selected desirable genotypes in this study can be used as parents in hybridization programs along with large seed genotypes to develop populations for future releases having large seed size, high protein, and high antioxidant value.Not Availabl

Genomic regions associated with resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population

Parents and 318 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross, TAG 24 × ICGV 86031 were evaluated for peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) resistance and agronomic traits under natural infestation of thrips at a disease hotspot location for 2 years. Significant genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction effects suggested role of environment in development and spread of the disease. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using QTL Cartographer identified a total of 14 QTL for six traits of which five QTL were for disease incidence. One quantitative trait locus q60DI located on LG_AhII was identified using both QTL Cartographer and QTL Network. Another QTL q90DI was detected with a high PVE of 12.57 using QTL Cartographer. A total of nine significant additive × additive (AA) interactions were detected for PBND disease incidence and yield traits with two and seven interactions displaying effects in favour of the parental and recombinant genotype combinations, respectively. This is the first attempt on QTL discovery associated with PBND resistance in peanut. Superior RILs identified in the study can be recycled or released as variety following further evaluations