HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN ROOTS OF ТARAXACUM OFFICINALE WIGG

Soil is an active acceptor for some elements, heavy metals in particular. Microelements are firmly sorbed and interact with soil humus layer. At the same time some plants are resistant to soil contamination and can be used as bioindicators. For this very reason the use of the most common urban flora species in the system of ecological monitoring enables to assess pollution level of various cities and industrial agglomerations

The Simulation of Human Intelligence

Nowadays, we are extensively feed up with technology of information all around us. Everything we have seen around us is purely a product of high end advancement. The arrival of computers made the importance of information technology rapidly spreading around where everyone has observed its unveiling growth. It’s an industry which gathers the procedure of computer hardware, software and networking. Information technology turns as an aide. A standard process that allows great bulks of data to be kept and processed or transmitted at lightning speed. Now, there is more information at hand to make choices, sustain and preserve relations, monitor business activities or track movements. By this, information can be received and acquired at any moment

Calculating effective gun policies

Following recent shootings in the USA, a debate has erupted, one side favoring stricter gun control, the other promoting protection through more weapons. We provide a scientific foundation to inform this debate, based on mathematical, epidemiological models that quantify the dependence of firearm-related death rates of people on gun policies. We assume a shooter attacking a single individual or a crowd. Two strategies can minimize deaths in the model, depending on parameters: either a ban of private firearms possession, or a policy allowing the general population to carry guns. In particular, the outcome depends on the fraction of offenders that illegally possess a gun, on the degree of protection provided by gun ownership, and on the fraction of the population who take up their right to own a gun and carry it with them when attacked, parameters that can be estimated from statistical data. With the measured parameters, the model suggests that if the gun law is enforced at a level similar to that in the United Kingdom, gun-related deaths are minimized if private possession of firearms is banned. If such a policy is not practical or possible due to constitutional or cultural constraints, the model and parameter estimation indicate that a partial reduction in firearm availability can lead to a reduction in gun-induced death rates, even if they are not minimized. Most importantly, our analysis identifies the crucial parameters that determine which policy reduces the death rates, providing guidance for future statistical studies that will be necessary for more refined quantitative predictions

Nonlinear dynamics of sand banks and sand waves

Sand banks and sand waves are two types of sand structures that are commonly observed on an off-shore sea bed. We describe the formation of these features using the equations of the fluid motion coupled with the mass conservation law for the sediment transport. The bottom features are a result of an instability due to tide–bottom interactions. There are at least two mechanisms responsible for the growth of sand banks and sand waves. One is linear instability, and the other is nonlinear coupling between long sand banks and short sand waves. One novel feature of this work is the suggestion that the latter is more important for the generation of sand banks. We derive nonlinear amplitude equations governing the coupled dynamics of sand waves and sand banks. Based on these equations, we estimate characteristic features for sand banks and find that the estimates are consistent with measurements

The cellular dynamics of bone remodeling: a mathematical model

The mechanical properties of vertebrate bone are largely determined by a process which involves the complex interplay of three different cell types. This process is called {\it bone remodeling}, and occurs asynchronously at multiple sites in the mature skeleton. The cells involved are bone resorbing osteoclasts, bone matrix producing osteoblasts and mechanosensing osteocytes. These cells communicate with each other by means of autocrine and paracrine signaling factors and operate in complex entities, the so-called bone multicellular units (BMU). To investigate the BMU dynamics in silico, we develop a novel mathematical model resulting in a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with time delays. The model describes the osteoblast and osteoclast populations together with the dynamics of the key messenger molecule RANKL and its decoy receptor OPG. Scaling theory is used to address parameter sensitivity and predict the emergence of pathological remodeling regimes. The model is studied numerically in one and two space dimensions using finite difference schemes in space and explicit delay equation solvers in time. The computational results are in agreement with in vivo observations and provide new insights into the role of the RANKL/OPG pathway in the spatial regulation of bone remodeling

Intellectual Solutions for Development of Information Technologies

With the development of computer technologies, the meaning invested in the notion of an information system changed. A modern information system is a set of information technologies aimed at supporting the life cycle of information and includes three main processes: data processing, information management and knowledge management. In conditions of a sharp increase in the volume of information, the transition to work with knowledge based on artificial intelligence is, in all probability, the only alternative to the information society