Recrystallization and investigation of bismuth thin films by means of electron beam in transmission electron microscope

Thin bismuth films obtained by vacuum deposition were recrystallized under electron beam of scanning electron microscope at 5 kV and examined in a transmission electron microscope at 200 kV. In recrystallized films, various microstructures were detected: single-crystal, polycrystalline and amorphous regions, more or less faceted grains, single crystals and untransparent drop-shaped particles. In the crystallized film, a strong internal bending of the crystal lattice is detected, up to 110 deg/μm. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Partial support of project 3.6121.2017/8.9 (The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation) and Agreement No 02.A03.21.0006 (Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation) is acknowledged

All particle energy spectrum of cosmic rays in 10 to the 15th power - 10 to the 20th power eV region

Average estimations of the shower energy components are presented and their sum gives E sub 0 (Rho sub 600) - an average function of the relation of E sub 0 with the shower size parameter Rho sub 600 measured at the Yakutsk extensive air showers (EAS) array. Using this relation to the EAS spectrum obtained at the Akeno and Yakutsk arrays the energy spectrum of the cosmic ray total flux within 15 lg (E sub 0,eV) 20 by the EAS methods is recovered

Fluctuations of development maximum depth and nuclear composition of primary cosmic radiation

The extensive air showers (EAS) cascade curves from the Cerenkov light lateral distribution measurements are recovered and the maximum depth fluctuations of the shower development theta x sub m both on the Cerenkov and charged EAS components are defined. At E sub 0 approximates 10 to the 18th power eV the mean content of protons is greater than 85%, and p-air cross section theta sub 0 p-air 750mb

МЯСНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО МЯСНОГО СЫРЬЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ КАЛМЫЦКОЙ ПОРОДЫ НОВЫХ ЗАВОДСКИХ ЛИНИЙ

The results of research are presented for new stud lines of Kalmyk cattle: Pirat 6626, Pokhvalny 8643, and Ozhog 6136.To assess meat productivity, carcass morphological composition, physical and chemical properties, amino acid and fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue, control slaughter of young bulls (15 months old) of different breed lines was carried out. The slaughtershowed a higher weight of fresh carcass in bulls of Pirat 6626 line, which was 215.9 kg. Weight of Pokhvalny 8643 and Ozhog 6136 lines was lower, 212.5 kg in average. Bulls of new lines insignificantly differed by the dressed weight and slaughter yield amountedto 221.4 to 223.9 kg (56.0% to 56.4%), respectively. At slaughter, carcasses of all experimental animals were characterized by a good yield of deboned meat (82.3 to 82.6%) with a relatively small bone content (17.4 to 17.7%). Compared to bulls of Pokhvalny 8643 and Ozhog 6136 lines, Pirat 6626 line had water binding capacity higherby 1.96 and 1.09%, and juice loss during cooking was lower by 0.76 and 0.90%.Chemical composition analysis of deboned meat showed a higher protein content in meat from Pokhvalny 8643 bulls (23.41%) than from Pirat 6626 (20.95%) and Ozhog 6136 (21.75%) lines. Fat content in the meat of Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 bulls was higher than in Pokhvalny 8643 bulls and amounted to 2.84 and 2.99%.In proteins of animals from all three lines, the content of essential amino acids exceeds the levels recommended by FAO/WHO for humans; there are no limiting amino acids.The maximum lysine amino acid score was observed in proteins of Pirat 6626 animals, which was higher by 3.6% than in Pokhvalny 8643 line and by 7.9% than in Ozhog 6136 line; leucine and isoleucine were higher in proteins of Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 lines.Valine amino acid score was higher in muscle proteins of Pirat 6626 bulls (120.0%), than in the proteins of Pokhvalny 8643 (110.0%) and Ozhog 6136 (114.0%) lines.In Pokhvalny 8643 bulls, methionine amino acid score had the smallest difference with the reference protein. The minimal difference in phenylalanine amino acid score with the reference protein was also observed in Pokhvalny 8643 bulls and amounted to 5.0%.According to the results of protein biological value calculation, Pokhvalny 8643 line has more balanced ratio of essential amino acids of 89.7%, while Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 lines show ratios of 81.6% and 81.7%, respectively.Differences in fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat from bulls of all three lines are insignificant, but Pokhvalny 8643 line shows some superiority in the content of  polyunsaturated acids by 0.48 to 0.33%.Sensory assessment of boiled beef and meat broth quality from new lines of Kalmyk young cattle was «good» and «very good».Представлены результаты исследований новых заводских линий калмыцкой породы крупного рогатого скота: Пирата 6626, Похвального 8643 и Ожога 6136.Для оценки мясной продуктивности, морфологического состава туш, физико-химического, аминокислотного и жирнокислотного составов мышечной ткани был проведен контрольный убой молодняка (бычков) в 15-месячном возасте разной линейной принадлежности, который показал более высокую массу парной туши у бычков линии Пирата 6626 — 215,9кг, Похвального 8643 и Ожога 6136 ниже — в среднем 212,5кг. По убойной массе и убойному выходу бычки новых линий отличались незначительно и составили соответственно 221,4-223,9 кг (56,0%-  56,4%). Туши всех подопытных животных при убое характеризовались хорошимвыходом обваленного мяса (82,3–82,6%) при относительно небольшом содержании костей (17,4–17,7%).У бычков линии Пирата 6626 влагосвязывающая способность выше на 1,96 и 1,09%, а потери сока при варке ниже на 0,76 и 0,90%, чем у бычков линии Похвального 8643 и Ожога 6136.Анализ химического состава обваленного мяса показал более высокое содержание белка в мясе у бычков линии Похвального 8643 (23,41%), чем у бычков линии Пирата 6626 (20,95%) и Ожога 6136 (21,75%). Содержание жира в мясе у бычков линии Пирата 6626 и Ожога 6136 было выше, чем у бычков линии Похвального 8643 и составило 2,84 и 2,99%.В белках животных трёх линий содержание незаменимых аминокислот превышает рекомендуемый ФАО/ВОЗ для человека, не имеется лимитирующих аминокислот.Максимальный аминокислотный скор лицина в белках надблюдался у животных линии Пирата 6626 — на 3,6% выше линии Похвального 8643 и на 7,9% — линии Ожога 6136, лейцина и изолейцина в белках больше в линиях Пирата 6626 и Ожога 6136.Аминокислота валин по расчетам скора была больше в белках мышц бычков линии Пирата 6626, её скор составил 120,0%, в белках Похвального 8643 — 110,0%, Ожога 6136 — 114,0%.Скор аминокислоты метионин имел наименьшую разницу с эталонным белком у бычков линии Похвального 8643. Минимальная разница скора фенилаланина с эталонным белком наблюдалась также у бычков линии Похвального 8643и составила 5,0%.По результатам расчета биологической ценности белка более сбалансированным соотношением незаменимых аминокислот обладает линия Похвального 8643 — 89,7%, тогда как у линии Пирата 6626 и Ожога 6136 — 81,4 и 81,7% соответственно.Различия в составе жирных кислот во внутримышечном жире бычков всех линий несущественные, но прослеживалось превосходство показателей линии Похвального 8643 по содержанию полиненасыщенных кислот на 0,48–0,33%.Дегустационная оценка качества отварного мяса-говядины и мясного бульона от молодняка крупного рогатого скота калмыцкой породы новых линий — «хорошее» и «очень хорошее»

A study of the centrally produced baryon-antibaryon systems in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

A study of the centrally produced ppbar, ppbarpi, ppbarpipi and lambda lambda channels has been performed in pp collisions using an incident beam momentum of 450 GeV/c. No significant new structures are observed in the mass spectra, however, important new information on the production dynamics is obtained. A systematic study of the production properties of these systems has been performed and it is found that these systems are not produced dominantly by double Pomeron exchange.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, 4 Figure

A study of pseudoscalar states produced centrally in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

A study has been made of pseudoscalar mesons produced centrally in pp interactions. The results show that the eta and etaprime appear to have a similar production mechanism which differs from that of the pi0. The production properties of the eta and etaprime are not consistent with what is expected from double Pomeron exchange. In addition the production mechanism for the eta and etaprime is such that the production cross section are greatest when the azimuthal angle between the pT vectors of the two protons is 90 degrees.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, 3 Figure

A measurement of the branching fractions of the f1(1285) and f1(1420) produced in central pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

A study of the f1(1285) and f1(1420) produced in central pp interactions has been performed. For the first time in a single experiment the branching fractions of both mesons in all major decay modes have been determined. Both the f1(1285) and f1(1420) are consistent with being produced by double Pomeron exchange.Comment: 15 pages, Latex, 5 Figures, submitted to Physics Letters

A study of the centrally produced phiphi system in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

The reaction pp to pfps(K+K-K+K-) in which the K+K-K+K- system is centrally produced has been studied at 450 GeV/c. Phi phi production has been found to dominate this reaction and is compatible with being produced by double Pomeron exchange. An angular analysis of the phi phi system favours JPC = 2++ and its dPT dependence is similar to that observed for glueball candidates.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, 4 Figure

A partial wave analysis of the centrally produced pi0pi0 system in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

A partial wave analysis of the centrally produced pi0pi0 channel has been performed in pp collisions using an incident beam momentum of 450 GeV/c. An unambiguous physical solution has been found. Evidence is found for the f0(980), f0(1300) and f0(1500) in the the S-wave. and the f2(1270) is observed dominantly in the D0-wave. In addition, there is evidence for a broad enhancement in the D-wave below 1 GeV.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, 4 Figure

A partial wave analysis of the centrally produced pi+pi- system in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c

A partial wave analysis of the centrally produced pi+pi- channel has been performed in pp collisions using an incident beam momentum of 450 GeV/c. An unambiguous physical solution has been found. Evidence is found for the f0(980), f0(1300), f0(1500) and fJ(1710) with J = 0 in the the S-wave. The rho(770) is observed dominantly in the P0-wave and the f2(1270) is observed dominantly in the D0-wave. In addition, there is evidence for a broad enhancement in the D-wave below 1 GeV.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, 4 Figure