5,035 research outputs found
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis in Fenugreek Grown under Sub-humid Sub-tropical Red Lateritic Belt of Eastern India
Thirty genotypes of fenugreek were grown during two consecutive winter seasons in sub-humid sub-tropical red lateritic belt of eastern India. Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficients were studied on eight agronomic characters, viz., plant height, days to flowering, branches per plant, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, test weight and seed yield per plant. Analysis of variance pooled over the seasons revealed that the mean squares due to genotypes for all the characters studied were highly significant indicating presence of genetic variation in the test population. The estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were high for branches per plant, moderate for plant height and test weight, and low for days to flowering and pod length. Heritability estimates were high for plant height, days to flowering, branches per plant and test weight and low for pod number, pod length, seeds per pod and seed yield The results of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability and genetic advance revealed that improvement through selection for branches per plant, pods per plant and test weight would be effective in this population. Seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with plant height, branch number, pods per plant and seeds per pod at both genotypic and phenotypic levels indicating the importance of these characters for seed yield. The results of path analysis indicated that selection for tall plant height, late flowering with reasonable branch number, high number of seeds per pod and pods per plant are important which will help improve seed yield in this population
Stability analysis for seed yield and its component characters in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Fourteen genotypes of fenugreek (Trigollella foenum-graecum) were grown at Sriniketan (West Bengal) in four different environments during winter season for three consecutive years. Genotype x environment (G x E) interaction was studied for seed yield and its component characters namely, pods plant-', seeds pod" and test weight. G x E interactions were highly significant for all the characters. Both linear and non-linear components of G x E interactions were highly significant, non-linear component being predominant for seeds pod" and seed yield plant·" while linear component was predominant for test weight. However, both linear and non-linear components were equally important for pods plant-'. The genotypes UM-129, UM-301 and UM-302 were stable.
 
Analysis of genetic divergence in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Genetic divergence among 22 genotypes of fenugreek (Trigon ella foenum-graecum) was estimated for 8 quantitative characters using Mahalanobis's D' statistic and the genotypes were grouped into 6 clusters. Cluster I consisted of maximum number of 13 genotypes followed by 4 and 2 genotypes in clusters II and III, respectively. Three clusters were monogenotypic. Clustering pattern of genotypes was not related to geographical differentiation. Inter-cluster distance was highest between clusters III and VI and lowest between clusters II and VI while, intra-cluster distance was highest in cluster III. Plant height, pods plant-1, days to flowering and test weight were the major forces for divergence.
 
Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Genetic variability was studied in a population of 22 genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) at Sriniketan (West Bengal). Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability were high for stem weight; moderate for plant height, branches plant-1, days to flowering, duration of flowering, shelling per cent and test weight; and low for pod length. High to moderate estimates of heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance were recorded for plant height, days to flowering, duration of flowering, shelling per cent and test weight indicating the predominance of additive gene action. Grain yield was positively correlated with branches plant-1 pods plant-1, pod length, seeds pod-1, pod weight, biological yield, shelling per cent and harvest index at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Results of path analysis revealed that days to flowering, pods plant-1, pod length and seeds podol are the important characters determining seed yield in fenugreek.
 
Penetrating particle ANalyzer (PAN)
PAN is a scientific instrument suitable for deep space and interplanetary
missions. It can precisely measure and monitor the flux, composition, and
direction of highly penetrating particles (100 MeV/nucleon) in deep
space, over at least one full solar cycle (~11 years). The science program of
PAN is multi- and cross-disciplinary, covering cosmic ray physics, solar
physics, space weather and space travel. PAN will fill an observation gap of
galactic cosmic rays in the GeV region, and provide precise information of the
spectrum, composition and emission time of energetic particle originated from
the Sun. The precise measurement and monitoring of the energetic particles is
also a unique contribution to space weather studies. PAN will map the flux and
composition of penetrating particles, which cannot be shielded effectively,
precisely and continuously, providing valuable input for the assessment of the
related health risk, and for the development of an adequate mitigation
strategy. PAN has the potential to become a standard on-board instrument for
deep space human travel.
PAN is based on the proven detection principle of a magnetic spectrometer,
but with novel layout and detection concept. It will adopt advanced particle
detection technologies and industrial processes optimized for deep space
application. The device will require limited mass (~20 kg) and power (~20 W)
budget. Dipole magnet sectors built from high field permanent magnet Halbach
arrays, instrumented in a modular fashion with high resolution silicon strip
detectors, allow to reach an energy resolution better than 10\% for nuclei from
H to Fe at 1 GeV/n
Power laws in microrheology experiments on living cells: comparative analysis and modelling
We compare and synthesize the results of two microrheological experiments on
the cytoskeleton of single cells. In the first one, the creep function J(t) of
a cell stretched between two glass plates is measured after applying a constant
force step. In the second one, a micrometric bead specifically bound to
transmembrane receptors is driven by an oscillating optical trap, and the
viscoelastic coefficient is retrieved. Both and
exhibit power law behavior: and , with the same exponent
. This power law behavior is very robust ; is
distributed over a narrow range, and shows almost no dependance on the cell
type, on the nature of the protein complex which transmits the mechanical
stress, nor on the typical length scale of the experiment. On the contrary, the
prefactors and appear very sensitive to these parameters. Whereas
the exponents are normally distributed over the cell population, the
prefactors and follow a log-normal repartition. These results are
compared with other data published in the litterature. We propose a global
interpretation, based on a semi-phenomenological model, which involves a broad
distribution of relaxation times in the system. The model predicts the power
law behavior and the statistical repartition of the mechanical parameters, as
experimentally observed for the cells. Moreover, it leads to an estimate of the
largest response time in the cytoskeletal network: s.Comment: 47 pages, 14 figures // v2: PDF file is now Acrobat Reader 4 (and up)
compatible // v3: Minor typos corrected - The presentation of the model have
been substantially rewritten (p. 17-18), in order to give more details -
Enhanced description of protocols // v4: Minor corrections in the text : the
immersion angles are estimated and not measured // v5: Minor typos corrected.
Two references were clarifie
Photonic band gaps in materials with triply periodic surfaces and related tubular structures
We calculate the photonic band gap of triply periodic bicontinuous cubic
structures and of tubular structures constructed from the skeletal graphs of
triply periodic minimal surfaces. The effect of the symmetry and topology of
the periodic dielectric structures on the existence and the characteristics of
the gaps is discussed. We find that the C(I2-Y**) structure with Ia3d symmetry,
a symmetry which is often seen in experimentally realized bicontinuous
structures, has a photonic band gap with interesting characteristics. For a
dielectric contrast of 11.9 the largest gap is approximately 20% for a volume
fraction of the high dielectric material of 25%. The midgap frequency is a
factor of 1.5 higher than the one for the (tubular) D and G structures
Na+ imaging reveals little difference in action potential–evoked Na+ influx between axon and soma
Author Posting. © The Authors, 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Neuroscience 13 (2010): 852-860, doi:10.1038/nn.2574.In cortical pyramidal neurons, the axon initial segment (AIS) plays a pivotal role in synaptic
integration. It has been asserted that this property reflects a high density of Na+ channels in AIS.
However, we here report that AP–associated Na+ flux, as measured by high–speed fluorescence
Na+ imaging, is about 3 times larger in the rat AIS than in the soma. Spike evoked Na+ flux in
the AIS and the first node of Ranvier is about the same, and in the basal dendrites it is about 8
times lower. At near threshold voltages persistent Na+ conductance is almost entirely axonal.
Finally, we report that on a time scale of seconds, passive diffusion and not pumping is
responsible for maintaining transmembrane Na+ gradients in thin axons during high frequency
AP firing. In computer simulations, these data were consistent with the known features of AP
generation in these neurons.Supported by US–
Israel BSF Grant (2003082), Grass Faculty Grant from the MBL, NIH Grant (NS16295),
Multiple Sclerosis Society Grant (PP1367), and a fellowship from the Gruss Lipper Foundation
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