Molecular detection of Human Papillomavirus from abnormal cervical cytology of women attending a tertiary health facility in Ido-ekiti, Southwest Nigeria

ABSTRACTBackground: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as one of the principal causes of cervical cancer, which is the second highest cause of cancer deaths among Nigerian women. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the presence of HPV DNA in abnormal cervical cytology of a group of women who were screened using Papanicolaou staining technique.Methodology: A total of 200 women attending the Obstetrics and Gyneacology clinic of Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti were screened using the convectional Pap smear screening, while positive samples were subjected to molecular analyses using DNA isolation techniques and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Result: Results revealed that 14 (7%) of the subjects were positive for abnormal cytology. Abnormalities found among the subjects included; low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) which constituted 50 % of the total abnormal smears, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) which were 28.6% and 21.4% respectively. Results of molecular analyses showed that all the samples from abnormal cervical cytology subjected to HPV DNA extraction and gene amplification all contained the HPV DNA.Conclusion: The high prevalence of HPV DNA in abnormal cytology, gives credence to the fact that HPV presence is a critical indicator in the development of cervical cancer, thus more efforts should be put into vaccine production and distribution to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer in Nigeria Keywords: Cervical, cytology, DNA, molecular, wome

Factors Influencing Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer Development among Women in Lokoja, North Central Nigeria

Cervical cancer is increasingly becoming a high cause of cancer deaths in Nigeria; it has a high prevalence in Nigeria, as it is the case in most developing countries. This study was aimed at screening for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) using Papanicolaou screening procedure, and identifying the influencing factors amongst women in Lokoja, North central Nigeria. This was a cross sectional study involving women between the ages of 16-65 years, selected through convenience sampling of patients and staff that attended the Federal Medical Centre. Interviewer- administered questionnaire and clinical report form were also used to collect data, and data was analyzed using correlational analysis. Results showed that of the 203 women in the study, 193 (95.07%) had normal cytology (they were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy), while 10 (4.93%) women had CIN. Socio-demographic characteristics showed that there were significant relationships between the age of the correspondents and the development of CIN (p = 0.015), significant association was also obtained between male partner circumcision (p=0.0262), coitarche (p=0.0046), parity (p=0.0019), alcohol usage (p=0.0026), age of first pregnancy (p=0.0326), use of steroid contraceptive (p=0.0104), number of sexual partners (p=0.0001) and the development of CIN. CIN present were low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, atypical squamous cell of uncertain significance, and squamous cell carcinoma. The major risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia development indicated in this study include; parity, alcohol usage and multiple sexual partners

Factors Influencing Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer Development among Women in Lokoja, North Central Nigeria

Cervical cancer is increasingly becoming a high cause of cancer deaths in Nigeria; it has a high prevalence in Nigeria, as it is the case in most developing countries. This study was aimed at screening for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) using Papanicolaou screening procedure, and identifying the influencing factors amongst women in Lokoja, North central Nigeria. This was a cross sectional study involving women between the ages of 16-65 years, selected through convenience sampling of patients and staff that attended the Federal Medical Centre. Interviewer- administered questionnaire and clinical report form were also used to collect data, and data was analyzed using correlational analysis. Results showed that of the 203 women in the study, 193 (95.07%) had normal cytology (they were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy), while 10 (4.93%) women had CIN. Socio-demographic characteristics showed that there were significant relationships between the age of the correspondents and the development of CIN (p = 0.015), significant association was also obtained between male partner circumcision (p=0.0262), coitarche (p=0.0046), parity (p=0.0019), alcohol usage (p=0.0026), age of first pregnancy (p=0.0326), use of steroid contraceptive (p=0.0104), number of sexual partners (p=0.0001) and the development of CIN. CIN present were low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, atypical squamous cell of uncertain significance, and squamous cell carcinoma. The major risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia development indicated in this study include; parity, alcohol usage and multiple sexual partners

Seroprevalence of rubella igg antibody in pregnant women in Osogbo, Nigeria

Background: Infection of mothers with Rubella virus during pregnancy can be serious; if the mother is infected within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy she is likely to have miscarriage, stillbirth, or baby with congenital rubella syndrome. This study was carried out to define Rubella virus seroprevalence in pregnancy in Osogbo, Nigeria. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional sero-survey of rubella IgG antibody among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Socio-demographic information on participants was collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire while venous samples were collected, stored at −20°C and serum samples were screened for detection of rubella IgG antibodies using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Of the 200 sample evaluated for rubella Immunoglobulin G antibody, 175 (87.5%) were positive and 25 (12.5%) were negative. The result indicated prevalence of 85.7% in 15-19 year age group, 86.8% in 20-24 year age group, 89.6% in 25-29 year group, and 100% in greater than 40 year age group. Rubella IgG seroprevalence was not associated with age, gestational age, gravidity, vaccination, occupation and education. Conclusions: As the immunity gap in the studied population was high, rubella vaccination should be provided for all women of child-bearing age and childre

Synthesis, thermal properties and biological study of metal(II) nicotinamide complexes containing fumarate dianion and fumaric acid: crystal structure of [Ni(H 2 O) 4 (nia) 2 ](fum)·(H 2 fum)

New divalent transition metal nicotinamide (nia) complexes containing fumarate (fum) dianion and fumaric acid (H2fum), [M(H2O)4(nia)2](fum)·(H2fum) [M = Co (1), Cu (2) and Ni (3)] have been synthesized. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-vis, XRPD and TGA. Structural analysis of 3 using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique revealed that the Ni(II) ion is coordinated by four aqua and two nicotinamide ligands in an octahedral geometry. The structure of 3 is completed with fumarate (fum²⁻) dianion acting as counter-ion while fumaric acid (H2fum) is present as a molecule of solvation. The three complexes were investigated for biological activities

Distribution pattern of poliovirus potentially infectious materials in the phase 1b medical laboratories containment in conformity with the global action plan III

Abstract Background The containment of poliovirus infectious/potentially infectious materials in all biomedical facilities in Nigeria remain crucial to maintaining gains recorded towards polio eradication. Activities involved in the Nigerian Poliovirus type 2-laboratory containment survey in line with the 3rd Global Action Plan III (GAP III) for poliovirus containment are documented in this study. Through these activities, the overall preparedness for poliovirus eradication in Nigeria is assessed. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 19th September-31st October 2016 using structured Laboratory survey and inventory (LSI) questionnaires uploaded onto the SPSS software package in 560 biomedical facilities classified either as high risk or medium risk facilities across the 6 zones in Nigeria. Results In total, 560 biomedical facilities were surveyed in Nigeria in conformity with the GAP III. In total, 86% of the facilities surveyed were with laboratories while 14% were without laboratories. Twelve laboratories with poliovirus potentially infectious materials were identified in this exercise. In total, 50% of the 12 laboratories were under the ministry of education for research purposes. While 33% were among those laboratories surveyed in the phase 1a exercise without any recorded inventory, but have acquired some since the phase 1a survey. A total of 13,484 poliovirus infectious materials were found in the 12 laboratories. Only 8% of the materials were immediately destroyed while the remaining materials (62%) were found in Oyo and Borno states scheduled for destruction within 3–4 months according to WHO protocol for destruction of poliovirus infectious materials. Conclusion This study has revealed the successful containment of all poliovirus infectious materials in the laboratories surveyed. It has also revealed some surveillance gaps. We recommend that the surveillance system be improved to maintain the gains from the containment exercise and avoid reintroduction of infectious materials into biomedical facilities. This reduces the chances of viral reintroduction to the population in general