EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF INFLATION IN NIGERIA

This research work examined the causes and effects of inflation in Nigeria between 1969 and 2009 and what could be done to ameliorate the negative effects on the economy.  The time series variables properties on some selected variables were examined using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Unit root test and co-integration analysis.  The result revealed that the explanatory variables (money supply, growth rates, gross domestic product growth rates and expenditure revenue ratio) are not spurious but exchange rate of dollar to naira was non-stationary. The study also revealed that the gross domestic product growth rate is counter inflationary as against inflationary factors. Keywords:  Inflation, Growth Rate, Economic Variables, Inflation Effects, Unit Root, Exchange Rates, Money Suppl

The Growth Enhancement Potentials of Indigenous Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Sweet Pepper (Caspicum annum) through Seed Bacterization

The demand for food is rising as the world's population is rising. The second sustainable development goal's objectives of achieving global food security and agricultural sustainability call for swift and coordinated action. The use of traditional mineral fertilizers has increased dramatically in response to the rise in food demand, but this has its drawbacks. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which is a free-living bacteria actively colonize plant roots and aids it growth. They provide an environmentally friendly way to boost plant output. Due to the  high nutritional content and wide range of medicinal applications of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), it constitute one of the most significant vegetable crops in the world.. sweet pepper (Capsicum annum ) was evaluated through a pot study under the treatment of six bacterial strains. Bacterization of sweet pepper seeds was done via the immersion of seeds in a suspension of bacteria (108 CFU/ml) modified with 2% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), The treated seeds were planted in sterilized planting bags with sterilized sand, Effects of bacterized seeds of Capsicum annuum on the shoot height revealed that the highest shoot height was observed at week 8 by isolate AU4(Burkholderia sp) at (9.66±12.15), followed by AU6 (Burkholderia sp ) at week 6 (6.26±0.05). The highest leaf number of Capsicum annuum after bacterization was observed at week 8(9.00±0.0) and 10(9.00±0.0), while the observed control at week 8(6.00±1.0) week 10(7.00±0.0). Plant growth-promoting bacteria applied via seed bacterization has shown potential for increasing the growth parameters of sweet pepper. This could be a formidable substitute for the use of chemical fertilizers. The use of Burkholderia vietnamiensis AU2011 and Burkholderia sp have shown potential for the increment of the agronomical parameter of  C. annuum