精神遅滞児のバランス障害克服のための指導に関する研究

金沢大学教育学部視野情報を統制しての身体動揺の測定を健常成人、健常幼児、及び精神遅滞児を対象として行った。身体動揺の計測はこれまでは、足底圧の変化を身体重心の変化としてとらえる装置により行ってきたが、動揺の大きい者はバランスがわるく、動揺の小さい者はバランスがよいと真に言い得るのかどうかという機能的な意義が今一つ明確でなかった。というのは、一般にバランスがわるいと言われ、また、我々のこれまで行ってきた平均台歩きや片足立ちというバランス運動の成績も確かにきわめて低いダウン症候群児の重心動揺がかなり小さいという、通常考えられる重心動揺の大小とバランスとの関連からすると矛盾する知見が得られていたからである。そのため、本年度は、足底圧の変化より身体動揺を計測するのではなく、機能的意義の明確な頭部動揺の測定を行った。すなわち、頭部動揺は頭部の保護・安定という観点からすると、それが小さければ小さいほどバランスはよいと言い得る。健常成人、健常幼児では、身体重心動揺と同様の年齢とともに動揺が小さくなっていくという結果が得られ、精神遅滞児では、臨床型ごとに見ると、ダウン症候群児では、他の精神遅滞児と比較してかなり動揺が大きいという結果が得られた。このことは、彼らの重心動揺がかなり小さいというこれまでに得られている知見と重ねあわせて見ると、ダウン症候群児は逆振り子様に身体が動揺していることを意味する。これは、きわめて非機能的な動揺で、彼らのバランスがきわめて低いという事実と合致するものである。眼球運動機能については、引き続き視運動性眼振の測定を行った。精神遅滞児について、臨床型別に見ると、ダウン症候群児については視標の追従機能の未熟性を、自閉症児については注意や動機の問題を示唆する追跡自体の不成立を示唆する結果が得られた。その他、平均台歩き、片足立ちについては、なすべき課題を明確に示す外的な手がかりが存在する事態でそれを行うことがバランス能力の改善につながるというこれまでに得ている知見を確認した。In order to clarify the relationship between problems of balancing movement and visual perception in chidren with mental retardation, optokinetic nystagmus of eye movement, body sway under visual stimuli controlled were investigated.1.Low functioning of optokinetic nystagmus in children with mental retardation was found. The lower the function of optokinetic nystagmus is, the lower the score of balancing movements becomes.2.Body sway measured by a force platform was generally larger in childeren with mental retardation. The larger the sway is, the lower the balancing ability becomes. But in Down syndrome it was found that their sway were rather small although their balancing abilities were seemed very low. It was suggested that measuring head sway was needed to resolve this contradiction.The relationship between balancing movements and behavior regulation were also investigated. Behavior regulation of children with mental retardation was evaluated by Garfield\u27s motor impersistence test. The poorer the behavior regulation was, the poorer was one foot balancing. It was thought that a physical setting that required people to figure out how to maintain their posture using external cues intuitively, worked effectively to improve the balancing movement of children with mental retardation who had showed a poorer level of behavior reguation.研究課題/領域番号:05680204, 研究期間(年度):1993 – 1994出典：研究課題「精神遅滞児のバランス障害克服のための指導に関する研究」課題番号05680204（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05680204/056802041994kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/）を加工して作

精神遅滞児のバランス障害克服のための指導に関する研究

金沢大学教育学部研究課題/領域番号:04780311, 研究期間(年度):1992出典：研究課題「精神遅滞児のバランス障害克服のための指導に関する研究」課題番号04780311（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04780311/）を加工して作

AMS 14C Dates and Major Element Composition of Glass Shards of Late Pleistocene Tephras on Tanegashima Island, Southern Japan

Four late Pleistocene tephra layers—Tane I (Tn1), II (Tn2), III (Tn3), and IV (Tn4) in ascending order—are intercalated between widespread tephras, Kikai-Tozurahara (K-Tz: 95 ka) and Aira-Tn (AT: 30 cal kBP), on Tanegashima Island, in southern Japan. Paleolithic ruins such as the Yokomine C and Tatikiri archaeological sites were excavated from the loam layer between the Tn4 and Tn3 tephras. To refine the chronological framework on the island, we conducted accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating for 2 paleosol and 6 charcoal samples related with the late Pleistocene tephras and the Yokomine C archaeological site. The obtained 14C dates are consistent with the stratigraphy in calendar years, 33 cal kBP for Tn4, 40 cal kBP for Tn3, and 50 cal kBP for Tn2 and Tn1. The charcoal dates from Yokomine C, 32–38 cal kBP, not only constrain the age of Tn4 and Tn3 ashes, but also serve as a possible date for the site. We also measured the major element compositions of volcanic glass shards with EDS-EPMA to characterize these tephras. Although we could not find a possible correlative for Tn3 and Tn4 ashes using major element oxides of the glass shards, i.e. 75–76 wt% in SiO2, the glass chemistry obtained in this study will be valuable in correlating these tephras with their source volcanoes in the near future.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202

Expression of ICAM-1 on human bronchial epithelial cells after influenza virus infection

Damage of bronchial epithelium is a feature of airway viral infection and airway inflammatory disease, such as bronchial asthma. Adhesion molecules, which are expressed on bronchial epithelium, play an important role in the pathogenesis of epithelial damage and airway inflammation. We analysed ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on human bronchial epithelial cell line, NCI-H292, after influenza virus A infection. ICAM-1 was expressed on control cells constitutively. Influenza virus A infection caused a three-fold increase in ICAM-1 expression on NCI-H292 cells. Supernatant of virus-infected cells was analysed for the concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α but these cytokines were not detected. VCAM-1 was not expressed on control cells and did not change after cytokine stimulation or virus infection. These findings suggest that influenza virus infection may induce ICAM-1 expression on bronchial epithelium without intervention of leukocytes, and ICAM-1 expressed on epithelium plays a major part in the pathophysiology of airway inflammatory disease caused by viral infection

Comparison of Physicians’ Compliance, Clinical Efficacy, and Drug Cost before and after Introduction of Asthma Prevention and Management Guidelines in Japan (JGL2003)

Background: This study investigated the variations in the clinical efficacy and drug cost following the introduction of the Asthma Prevention and Management Guidelines in Japan (JGL2003). Methods: The medical charts of fifty outpatients treated continuously for asthma, aged 16-50 years, from October 2002 to October 2004 at Showa University Hospital were analyzed for physicians’ compliance with asthma guidelines, symptom severity, episodes in various occasions, prescriptions and drug costs. Results: Physicians’ compliance with the guidelines, which were defined as the number of patient visits treated in conformity with the JGL over the total number of patient visits, was found to be high before (89.4%) and after (90.3%) the introduction of JGL2003, without a statistical difference. On the other hand, the distribution of asthma symptom severity varied significantly (P < 0.0001). Fewer patients were recognized as having more severe asthma symptoms after the introduction of JGL2003. Significantly more patients with severe asthma symptoms were detected in the physicians’ noncompliant group than in the compliant group (P < 0.0001). The number of patients prescribed with oral corticosteroids, long-acting β2-agonists containing patches, long-acting oral β2-agonists, short-acting inhaled β2-agonists, sustained-released theophylline and leukotriene receptor antagonists decreased after the introduction of JGL2003. Furthermore, the total annual drug cost per patient decreased significantly by an average of 16,259 yen (P = 0.006). Conclusions: The JGL2003 was judged to have improved criteria, which thus resulted in the high compliance of physicians with the guidelines, in the remission of asthma symptoms and in the reduction in the total annual drug cost per patient

Effect of a leukotriene receptor antagonist pranlukast hydrate, on airway inflammation airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with moderate to severe asthma

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, typically eosinophils and lymphocytes, into the airway. Although several chemical mediators are released during the inflammatory process of asthma, evidence strongly suggests that the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT), LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, play key roles in asthma. The short-term clinical efficacy of an LT receptor antagonist, pranlukast hydrate, in symptomatic patients with asthma who had already been treated with moderate to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids was therefore investigated. Treatment with pranlukast hydrate for 4 weeks significantly improved respiratory function and decreased asthma symptoms, the rescue use of inhaled β2-agonists, the number of peripheral blood eosinophils and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein. Furthermore, airway inflammation, as evaluated by the percentage of eosinophils in induced sputum and airway responsiveness to histamine, decreased significantly after treatment. There were no significant changes in these parameters in control patients with asthma whose treatment was not changed over 4 weeks. These preliminary results suggest that pranlukast hydrate, an LT receptor antagonist, is an effective agent in the management of asthma in combination with moderate to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids