Persistence with Statins and Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

In a retrospective cohort study, Gabriel Chodick and colleagues find a significant association between persistence with statin therapy and reduced risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, but only a modest decrease in risk of osteoarthritis

Interleukin-1 stimulates ovarian prostaglandin biosynthesis: Evidence for heterologous contact-independent cell-cell interaction

An increasing body of information now suggests the existence of complete intraovarian IL-1 system replete with ligands, receptor, and receptor antagonist. Since IL-1 is an established mediator of inflammation and since ovulation may constitute an inflammatory-like reaction, consideration may be given to the possibility that IL-1 may play an intermediary role in the ovulatory process. To further assess the above hypothesis, we have set out to determine whether IL-1 is capable of promoting ovarian prostaglandin biosynthesis, an established component of the ovulatory cascade. Cultured whole ovarian dispersates from immature (25 day old) rats constitutively elaborated major prostaglandin species (PGE2 > PGF2-alpha) in a cell density-dependent fashion. Treatment with IL-1 produced dose-dependent increments in prostaglandin (PGE2 > PGF2-alpha) accumulation as compared with untreated controls. Comparable cellular densities of untreated or IL-1-beta-treated whole ovarian dispersates elaborated substantially more PGE2 as compared with isolated granulosa or theca-interstitial cell preparations suggesting a requirement for cell-cell interaction. Indeed, cell contact-dependent reconstitution experiments involving isolated granulosa and theca-interstitial cells at a projected physiologic ratio of 4:1 revealed synergistic interactions in the elaboration of PGE2 under both basal and IL-1-beta-treated circumstances. Identical results were obtained for cell contact-independent heterologous (but not homologous) coculture experiments. Taken together, our present findings reveal optimal basal and IL-1-stimulated ovarian prostaglandin (PGE2 > PGF2-alpha) biosynthesis to require heterologous, contact-independent, presumably humorally-mediated, cell-cell interaction. These observations along with the demonstration of the gonadotropin-dependent preovulatory induction of ovarian IL-1-beta gene expression provide strong support for the view that IL-1 may be the centerpiece of an intraovarian regulatory loop concerned with the promotion of the preovulatory cascade