Propagation velocity and rate of attenuation of surface waves on a homogeneously fluidized bed

Surface waves with a frequency of 0.5¿2.5 Hz were generated on a homogeneously fluidized bed. The propagation velocity and rate of attenuation of the induced pressure fluctuations were measured using signal averaging techniques. The measured wave velocity and attenuation rate correlated well with predictions based on a theory which considers the bed as an incompressible liquid with low viscosity. From the rate of attenuation an effective bed viscosity was calculated between 1.2 and 6.0 Pa · s. At high frequencies the wave generator produced high-amplitude density waves

Mixing in T-junctions

The transport processes that are involved in the mixing of two gases in a T-junction mixer are investigated. The turbulent flow field is calculated for the T-junction with the k- turbulence model by FLOW3D. In the mathematical model the transport of species is described with a mixture fraction variable for the average mass fraction and the variance of the mixture fraction for the temporal fluctuations. The results obtained by numerical simulations are verified in a well-defined experiment. The velocity as well as the concentration field are measured in several types of T-junctions. Comparison of the predicted and measured average concentration fields show good agreement if the Schmidt number for turbulent diffusion is taken as 0.2. Temporal concentration fluctuations are calculated and found to be of equal magnitude as spatial fluctuations. Good mixing is obtained in a T-junction if the branch inlet flow is designed to penetrate to the opposite tube wall in the mixer

Simulation of 2-way fluid structure interaction in a 3D model combustor

The liner of a gas turbine combustor is a very flexible structure that is exposed to the pressure oscillations that occur in the combustor. These pressure oscillations can be of very high amplitude due to thermoacoustic instability, when the fluctuations of the rate of heat release and the acoustic pressure waves amplify each other. The liner structure is a dynamic mechanical system that vibrates at its eigenfrequencies and at the frequencies by which it is forced by the pressure oscillations to which it is exposed. On the other hand the liner vibrations force a displacement of the flue gas near the wall in the combustor. The displacement is very small but this acts like a distributed acoustic source which is proportional to the liner wall acceleration. Hence liner and combustor are a coupled elasto-acoustic system. When this is exposed to a limit cycle oscillation the liner may fail due to fatigue. In this paper the method and the results will be presented of the partitioned simulation of the coupled acousto-elastic system composed of the liner and the flue gas domain in the combustor. The partitioned simulation uses separate solvers for the flow domain and the structural domain, that operate in a coupled way. In this work 2-way fluid structure interaction is studied for the case of a model combustor for the operating conditions 40–60 kW with equivalence ratio of 0.625. This is done in the framework of the LIMOUSINE project. Computational fluid dynamics analysis is performed to obtain the thermal loading of the combustor liner and finite element analysis renders the temperature, stress distribution and deformation in the liner. The software used is ANSYS workbench V13.0 software, in which the information (pressure and displacement) is also exchanged between fluid and structural domain transiently.</jats:p

Modelling of the dynamic interaction between a reacting spray and an acoustic field in a turbulent combustor

The work presented in this paper is a first attempt at tracing both the vaporization droplet his-tory and the momentum exchange between the liquid and gas phase, in a reacting flow field exposed to acoustic propagation waves. The liquid phase is tracked with a Lagrangian ap-proach, while the carrier gas phase is modelled in an Eulerian framework, based in a two-way coupling interaction, under the main assumptions of dilute regime and infinite thermal con-ductivity. Acoustic propagating waves will eventually affect the combustion dynamic due to oscillating heat released by the flame. Aim of this work is to assess a strategy to estimate the effect of an oscillating gas velocity field on: droplet displacement, redistribution of the char-acteristic droplet diameters, changes in the evaporation rate. Assuming the hypothesis of di-lute regime as valid, the study is carried out by means of a non-dimensional number charac-terization

Numerical investigation of fluid structure interaction between unsteady flow and vibrating liner in a combustion chamber

Numerical investigations of fluid structure interaction between unsteady flow\ud and vibrating liner in a combustion chamber are undertaken. The computational study consist of two approaches. Firstly, a partioned procedure consists of coupling the LES code AVBP for combustion modelling with the FEM code CaluliX for structural dynamic analysis. The CFD code CFX together with the FEM Ansys package are then used.\ud Results of unsteady fluid structure interaction applied to combustion system are presented and compare well with experimental results

Heat transfer in a recirculation zone at steady-state and oscillating conditions - the back facing step test case

Steady state and transient heat transfer is a very important aspect of any combustion process. To properly simulate gas to wall heat transfer in a turbulent flow, an accurate prediction of the flow and the thermal boundary layer is required. A typical gas turbine combustion chamber flow presents similarities with the academic backward facing step case, especially in the near wall regions where the heat transfer phenomena take place. For this reason, due to its simple geometry and the availability of well documented experiments, the backward facing step with wall heat transfer represents an interesting validation case. Results of steady-state and transient calculations with the use of various turbulence models are compared here with available experimental data