177 research outputs found
Ammonium uptake capacity and response of cytosolic glutamine synthetase 1;2 to ammonium supply are key factors for the adaptation of ammonium nutrition in Arabidopsis thaliana
A Joint Study of Phrase Grounding and Task Performance in Vision and Language Models
Key to tasks that require reasoning about natural language in visual contexts
is grounding words and phrases to image regions. However, observing this
grounding in contemporary models is complex, even if it is generally expected
to take place if the task is addressed in a way that is conductive to
generalization. We propose a framework to jointly study task performance and
phrase grounding, and propose three benchmarks to study the relation between
the two. Our results show that contemporary models demonstrate inconsistency
between their ability to ground phrases and solve tasks. We show how this can
be addressed through brute-force training on ground phrasing annotations, and
analyze the dynamics it creates. Code and at available at
https://github.com/lil-lab/phrase_grounding
lilGym: Natural Language Visual Reasoning with Reinforcement Learning
We present lilGym, a new benchmark for language-conditioned reinforcement
learning in visual environments. lilGym is based on 2,661 highly-compositional
human-written natural language statements grounded in an interactive visual
environment. We introduce a new approach for exact reward computation in every
possible world state by annotating all statements with executable Python
programs. Each statement is paired with multiple start states and reward
functions to form thousands of distinct Markov Decision Processes of varying
difficulty. We experiment with lilGym with different models and learning
regimes. Our results and analysis show that while existing methods are able to
achieve non-trivial performance, lilGym forms a challenging open problem.
lilGym is available at https://lil.nlp.cornell.edu/lilgym/.Comment: ACL 2023 Long Pape
OASIS: A Large-Scale Dataset for Single Image 3D in the Wild
Single-view 3D is the task of recovering 3D properties such as depth and
surface normals from a single image. We hypothesize that a major obstacle to
single-image 3D is data. We address this issue by presenting Open Annotations
of Single Image Surfaces (OASIS), a dataset for single-image 3D in the wild
consisting of annotations of detailed 3D geometry for 140,000 images. We train
and evaluate leading models on a variety of single-image 3D tasks. We expect
OASIS to be a useful resource for 3D vision research. Project site:
https://pvl.cs.princeton.edu/OASIS.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 202
Cytosolic glutamine synthetase isozymes play redundant roles in ammonium assimilation under low-ammonium conditions in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana
Pulmonary resection for metachronous metastatic gastric cancer diagnosed using multi-detector computed tomography: Report of five cases
Introduction
As pulmonary resection for metastatic gastric cancer has been rarely reported on, the role of metastasectomy remains unclear in such settings. We reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with metachronous pulmonary metastasis from gastric cancer (MPMGC) diagnosed using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) who underwent pulmonary resection.
Presentation of case
From September 2002 to May 2018, five patients underwent pulmonary resection for MPMGC at Shizuoka Cancer Center. All patients received curative resection for initial gastric cancer. Three patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median age at pulmonary resection was 70 years. The median disease-free interval between initial gastrectomy and MPMGC diagnosis was 41 months. The first site of recurrence was the lung in all patients. All patients were diagnosed as having primary lung cancer using MDCT before pulmonary resection and fit the surgical indication for primary lung cancer. Lobectomy was performed in three patients, while wedge resection was performed in two. The median overall survival following pulmonary resection was 79 (range, 18–89) months. Two patients experienced recurrence. While one showed recurrence in the mediastinal lymph node, in the other it was observed in the remnant lung; the latter underwent repeated pulmonary resection followed by systemic chemotherapy. Four patients survived for longer than 4 years after pulmonary resection.
Conclusions
Of the five patients with MPMGC diagnosed using MDCT who underwent pulmonary resection, long-term survival was achieved after pulmonary resection in four. Thus, pulmonary resection may be considered for those diagnosed with lung nodules after surgery for gastric cancer, and who fit the surgical indication for primary lung cancer
NADH-dependent glutamate synthase plays a crucial role in assimilating ammonium in the Arabidopsis root
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