Motivation in English-Medium Instruction in a Japanese University : Exploring Better Pedagogical Practices from the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory

関西大

ヒョウカ ホウホウ ノ ヘンセン ヒショ ノ バアイ

秘書の人事管理の形態は、企業によりさまざまであるが、筆者が秘書職に就いていた1980 年代は、他部門の事務職と同様に年功序列制度を導入し昇格させていく企業が多かった。それ以降は、目標管理制度などを導入し評価を行うという企業が増えてきた。それでは、実際に秘書職に就いている方々は、どのような目標設定をし、達成し、評価を受けているのだろうか。本稿では、本学の学生たちが卒業後就職し（特に事務職や秘書職）、働き続けるためには、どのような力が必要になっていくのかを理解し、今後のキャリア・ビジネス教育に役立てたいと考え、現在秘書職に就いている方々にヒアリング調査を行い、まとめてみた

ビジネスケイ タンキ ダイガク ニオケル ヒショ キョウイク : ヒショ キョウイク オ トオシテ シャカイジン キソリョク オ ツケル

総合職に就く女性が増えている昨今ではあるが、短期大学の学生は、現在も事務職に就きたいと希望する傾向にある。日本経済団体連合会の調査によると、採用選考時に重視する要素として「コミュニケーション能力」が上位に挙げられている。そのため、事務職に就くことを希望する学生にとっては、「コミュニケーション能力」の中の主に接遇コミュニケーション能力を身につけておくことが重要だと考えられる。古くから秘書教育では、ロールプレイングを取り入れた指導方法を導入しているが、最近の学生はマニュアルどおりには動くが、自らが創意工夫をして接遇を行うのは苦手なようである。その解決策として、筆者は学生たちにグループワークによりシナリオを作成させ、ロールプレイングをさせるという指導方法を導入した。その方法と学生の振り返りシートによる気づき・満足度について報告する

看護系大学生の社会人基礎力の属性別の検討

本研究の目的は、Ａ公立大学看護学科生の社会人基礎力の属性別の相違を検討することである。社会人基礎力は経済産業省により3分類12能力要素の構成とされている。1年次生と4年次生の学生134名を対象に、看護学生の社会人基礎力を問う36項目の質問紙調査（北島ら、2011）を実施した。その結果、両学年とも12の能力要素の「規律性」や「傾聴力」は高く、「想像力」や「計画力」は低い傾向が見られた。しかし、1年次生と4年次生に有意差は認められなかった。社会人基礎力育成のためには、学生の自己評価と他者評価を合わせて同集団を継続的に評価し支援する必要がある

Asbestos-Induced Cellular and Molecular Alteration of Immunocompetent Cells and Their Relationship with Chronic Inflammation and Carcinogenesis

Asbestos causes lung fibrosis known as asbestosis as well as cancers such as malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer. Asbestos is a mineral silicate containing iron, magnesium, and calcium with a core of SiO2. The immunological effect of silica, SiO2, involves the dysregulation of autoimmunity because of the complications of autoimmune diseases found in silicosis. Asbestos can therefore cause alteration of immunocompetent cells to result in a decline of tumor immunity. Additionally, due to its physical characteristics, asbestos fibers remain in the lung, regional lymph nodes, and the pleural cavity, particularly at the opening sites of lymphatic vessels. Asbestos can induce chronic inflammation in these areas due to the production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. As a consequence, immunocompetent cells can have their cellular and molecular features altered by chronic and recurrent encounters with asbestos fibers, and there may be modification by the surrounding inflammation, all of which eventually lead to decreased tumor immunity. In this paper, the brief results of our investigation regarding reduction of tumor immunity of immunocompetent cells exposed to asbestos in vitro are discussed, as are our findings concerned with an investigation of chronic inflammation and analyses of peripheral blood samples derived from patients with pleural plaque and mesothelioma that have been exposed to asbestos

Decreased ADP-Ribosyl Cyclase Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy

Aims/hypothesis. ADP-ribosyl-cyclase activity (ADPRCA) of CD38 and other ectoenzymes mainly generate cyclic adenosine 5’diphosphate-(ADP-) ribose (cADPR) as a second messenger in various mammalian cells, including pancreatic beta cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Since PBMCs contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, ADPRCA of PBMCs could serve as a clinical prognostic marker for diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to investigate the connection between ADPRCA in PBMCs and diabetic complications. Methods. PBMCs from 60 diabetic patients (10 for type 1 and 50 for type 2) and 15 nondiabetic controls were fluorometrically measured for ADPRCA based on the conversion of nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD+) into cyclic GDP-ribose. Results. ADPRCA negatively correlated with the level of HbA1c (P = .040, R2 = .073), although ADPRCA showed no significant correlation with gender, age, BMI, blood pressure, level of fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels, as well as type, duration, or medication of diabetes. Interestingly, patients with nephropathy, but not other complications, presented significantly lower ADPRCA than those without nephropathy (P = .0198) and diabetes (P = .0332). ANCOVA analysis adjusted for HbA1c showed no significant correlation between ADPRCA and nephropathy. However, logistic regression analyses revealed that determinants for nephropathy were systolic blood pressure and ADPRCA, not HbA1c. Conclusion/interpretation. Decreased ADPRCA significantly correlated with diabetic nephropathy. ADPRCA in PBMCs would be an important marker associated with diabetic nephropathy

Induction of Tumor-specific T Cell Immunity by Anti-DR5 Antibody Therapy

Because tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) preferentially induces apoptosis in tumor cells and plays a critical role in tumor surveillance, its receptor is an attractive target for antibody-mediated tumor therapy. Here we report that a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the mouse TRAIL receptor, DR5, exhibited potent antitumor effects against TRAIL-sensitive tumor cells in vivo by recruiting Fc receptor–expressing innate immune cells, with no apparent systemic toxicity. Administration of the agonistic anti-DR5 mAb also significantly inhibited experimental and spontaneous tumor metastases. Notably, the anti-DR5 mAb-mediated tumor rejection by innate immune cells efficiently evoked tumor-specific T cell immunity that could also eradicate TRAIL-resistant variants. These results suggested that the antibody-based therapy targeting DR5 is an efficient strategy not only to eliminate TRAIL-sensitive tumor cells, but also to induce tumor-specific T cell memory that affords a long-term protection from tumor recurrence

A low-frequency IL4R locus variant in Japanese patients with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy-unresponsive Kawasaki disease

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis which may be associated with coronary artery aneurysms. A notable risk factor for the development of coronary artery aneurysms is resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, which comprises standard treatment for the acute phase of KD. The cause of IVIG resistance in KD is largely unknown; however, the contribution of genetic factors, especially variants in immune-related genes, has been suspected. Methods: To explore genetic variants related to IVIG-unresponsiveness, we designated KD patients who did not respond to both first and second courses of IVIG therapy as IVIG-unresponsive patients. Using genomic DNA from 30 IVIG-unresponsive KD patients, we performed pooled genome sequencing targeting 39 immune-related cytokine receptor genes. Results: The single nucleotide variant (SNV), rs563535954 (located in the IL4R locus), was concentrated in IVIG-unresponsive KD patients. Individual genotyping showed that the minor allele of rs563535954 was present in 4/33 patients with IVIG-unresponsive KD, compared with 20/1063 individuals in the Japanese genome variation database (odds ratio = 7.19, 95% confidence interval 2.43-21.47). Furthermore, the minor allele of rs563535954 was absent in 42 KD patients who responded to IVIG treatment (P = 0.0337), indicating that a low-frequency variant, rs563535954, is associated with IVIG-unresponsiveness in KD patients. Although rs563535954 is located in the 3'-untranslated region of IL4R, there was no alternation in IL4R expression associated with the mior allele of rs563535954. However, IVIG-unresponsive patients that exhibited the minor allele of rs563535954 tended to be classified into the low-risk group (based on previously reported risk scores) for prediction of IVIG-resistance. Therefore, IVIG-unresponsiveness associated with the minor allele of rs563535954 might differ from IVIG-unresponsiveness associated with previous risk factors used to evaluate IVIG-unresponsiveness in KD. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the SNV rs563535954 could serve as a predictive indicator of IVIG-unresponsiveness, thereby improving the sensitivity of risk scoring systems, and may aid in prevention of coronary artery lesions in KD patients.ArticlePEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY.17:34(2019)journal articl