An improved apparent polar wander path for southwest Japan: post-Cretaceous multiphase rotations with respect to the Asian continent

To construct the Mesozoic apparent polar wander path (APWP) for the inner arc of the southwestern Japanese islands (referred to as southwest Japan) and compare it to that of East Asia, a 110 Ma paleomagnetic pole for southwest Japan was determined. Mudstone and sandstone samples were collected from 16 sites for paleomagnetic analysis in the Lower Cretaceous Inakura Formation of the Inakura area in the central part of southwest Japan. A high-temperature magnetization component, with unblocking temperatures of 670-695 degrees C, was isolated from 12 sites of red mudstone. Of these, 11 sites revealed a primary remanent magnetization during the Early Cretaceous. The primary directions combined with the previously reported ones provide a new mean direction (D = 79.7 degrees, I = 47.4 degrees, alpha(95) = 6.5 degrees, N = 17), and a corresponding paleomagnetic pole that is representative of southwest Japan (24.6 degrees N, 203.1 degrees E, A(95) = 6.8 degrees). The Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic pole, together with the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic poles, constitute a new APWP for southwest Japan. The new APWP illustrates a standstill polar position during 110-70 Ma, suggesting tectonic quiescence of this region. This standstill was followed by two large tracks during the Cenozoic. We interpret these tracks as clockwise tectonic rotations of southwest Japan that occurred twice during the Cenozoic. The earlier tectonic rotation occurred for a tectonic unit positioned below northeast China, the Liaodong and Korean Peninsulas, and southwest Japan (East Tan-Lu Block) during the Paleogene. The later rotation took place only under southwest Japan during the Neogene. Cenozoic multiphase rifting activity in the eastern margin of the Asian continent was responsible for the tectonic rotations that are observed from the paleomagnetic studies. Intermittent rifting may constitute a series of phenomena due to asthenospheric convection, induced by the growth of the Eurasian mega-continent in the Mesozoic

Absence of Cretaceous hairpin in the apparent polar wander path of southwest Japan: consistency in paleomagnetic pole positions

To test the hypothesis that a Cretaceous hairpin turn is absent in the apparent polar wander path (APWP) of the inner arc of southwestern Japanese island (southwest Japan), we refined a mid-Cretaceous (100 Ma) paleomagnetic pole from southwest Japan. Red mudstone samples from the 100 Ma Hayama Formation were collected for paleomagnetic analysis from eight sites in the Hayama area in the central part of southwest Japan. A high-temperature remanent magnetization component carried by hematite was isolated from these sites and was found to be of primary mid-Cretaceous origin. The primary nature of the magnetization is supported by the detrital character of the magnetic carrier. The primary directions provided a paleomagnetic pole (35.0 degrees N, 209.6 degrees E, A(95) = 6.1 degrees, N = 8), which represented southwest Japan at 100 Ma. This pole falls into a cluster of Cretaceous poles in southwest Japan. An APWP for southwest Japan between 110 and 70 Ma was updated to ascertain the stationarity of the pole positions for this region. Therefore, it is unlikely that the APWP for southwest Japan experienced a hairpin turn during the Cretaceous

Deformation of rhyolite lava crust associated with intermittent inner flow of lava: palaeomagnetic evidence

A palaeomagnetic study has been conducted to examine the deformation of thick crusts of rhyolite lava while its inner portions continue to flow. The Sanukayama rhyolite lava, which erupted in the Pleistocene in Kozushima Island, Japan, was chosen as the investigation site because of its well-exposed vertical lithofacies variations classified into three distinct zones (pumiceous, obsidian and crystalline). The targets of this study are the pumiceous and obsidian zones, which constitute the crust of the lava. Thermal demagnetization reveals three remanent magnetization components from the pumiceous and obsidian samples but only a single magnetization component from the inner crystalline rhyolite samples. Alternating field demagnetization is ineffective in isolating the magnetization components in the pumiceous and obsidian samples. The multiple components of remanent magnetization of the crust are interpreted to have been acquired during cooling as thermoremanent magnetizations. We suspect intermittent lava transport of the inner portions, the primary mode of rhyolite lava advancement, to be responsible for the presence of multiple components in pumice and obsidian of the lava crust. When the inner portions of the lava retain mobility to flow out of the crust, the solidified crust of the lava surface below the magnetite Curie temperature remains susceptible to deformation. Analysis of palaeomagnetic directions from the crust allows the deformation of the crust to be described in terms of rotation. Although the mode of rhyolite lava advancement is not well understood, because of its infrequent occurrence, our observations offer an important insight on how the mobile part of the lava is associated with the deformation of the crust during continued lava advance

Study on the Teaching Strategy of an Elementary School and Improving the Program for Training Students to be Teachers of University (1) : In the Case of Japanese Language, Arithmetic and Science

　本研究は，教科内容構成の考え方に基づいて小学校の授業づくりのあり方を検討するとともに，それをふまえることで大学の教員養成プログラムの授業が具体的にどのように改善されるかを明らかにしようとしたものである。教科内容構成とは，教員養成において従来から課題とされてきた教科の内容に関わる知識・技能と教科の指導法に関わる知識・技能の分離という問題を克服するために提案されたものである。教科内容構成は，教科の内容と指導法に関わる知識・技能を統合し，それらを応用して，教師が自ら「どのような内容をどのように教えるべきか」を考え，授業づくりに取り組むことができるようになるための考え方を示すものであり，本研究では教員養成プログラムにおける具体的な授業プランを提示してそれを明らかにしていく。本稿では，特に，小学校の国語科，算数科，理科を事例として論じていくことにしたい

Study on the Teaching Strategy of an Junior High School and Improving the Program for Training Students to be teachers of University (1) : In the Case of Japanese Language, Arithmetic, Science and Social Studies

　本研究は，教科内容構成の考え方に基づいて中学校の授業づくりのあり方を検討するとともに，それをふまえることで大学の教員養成プログラムの授業が具体的にどのように改善されるかを明らかにしようとしたものである。教科内容構成とは，教員養成において従来から課題とされてきた教科の内容に関わる知識・技能と教科の指導法に関わる知識・技能の分離という問題を克服するために提案されたものである。教科内容構成は，教科の内容と指導法に関わる知識・技能を統合し，それらを応用して，教師が自ら「どのような内容をどのように教えるべきか」を考え，授業づくりに取り組むことができるようになるための考え方を示すものであり，本研究では教員養成プログラムにおける具体的な授業プランを提示してそれを明らかにしていく。本稿では，特に，中学校の国語科，数学科，理科，社会科を事例として論じていくことにしたい

Evaluation of the viability of the canine cadaver lung for transplantation.

We evaluated the viability of the cadaver lung and the effect of lung inflation with 100% oxygen using a canine allotransplantation model. Donor animals were killed by potassium chloride (KCl) injection and were kept at room temperature until lung extraction. The animals were divided into the following 3 groups: group 1 (n = 6) in which the donor lungs were retrieved 2h after sacrifice, group 2 (n = 6) in which the donor lungs were retrieved 3h after sacrifice, and group 3 (n = 6) in which the donor lungs were retrieved 3h after sacrifice as in group 2 except that they were kept inflated for 3h with 100% oxygen using a double lumen endotracheal tube. Heparin was not given and lungs were not flushed with preservation solution. After left lung transplantation, the transplanted lung function including gas exchange and pulmonary hemodynamics was assessed for 6h by ligating the right pulmonary artery of the recipient animals. All 6 animals in groups 1 and 3 survived for 6 h with excellent lung function. Only 2 of 6 animals in group 2 survived for 6h with poor lung function. These results led us to conclude the following: a) the cadaver lung kept at room temperature for 2h might be available for lung transplantation, and b) when the cadaver lung is inflated with 100% oxygen, the length of safe ischemic time could be prolonged up to 3h.</p

A Study on “Subject Contents Organization (SCO)” for Teacher Training Program in the Faculty of Education, Okayama University : Practice and Assessment of SCO in Elementary School and Junior High School Teacher Training Curriculum

　岡山大学教育学部・教師教育開発センターは，平成23 ～ 27年度「教員の資質向上に寄与する『大学と学校・教育委員会の協働』の実現−学校教育改善との連動で教員養成教育を進化させる−(先進的教員養成プロジェクト)」に取り組んだ。その中の教科構成学開発事業では，本学部で独自に構築・実施しているコア・カリキュラムの中での教科内容構成のあり方について，２つのプロセスから研究を行った。本稿では，平成26年度に学部教育全体で取り組んだ「教科内容構成要素に関するシラバス記述」と，部会員が平成26・27年度に授業を実践した小・中学校の教職および教科に関する科目（数学・理科・家庭科・国語科）の受講生に対して実施した「教科内容構成力」に関するアンケート調査の分析から，本学部の教科内容構成研究の特徴と課題について検討した