16 research outputs found
Stabilnost morfoloÅ”kih osobina semena kukuruza u razliÄitim proizvodnim uslovima
The analyses were performed with the hybrid seeds of four hybrid combinations derived at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje and produced in three locations. Under laboratory conditions, the following seed traits were analysed in the working sample of 10x100 seeds: seed test weight and shelling percentage, which was determined as the seed weight to ear weight ratio. In the three-year study, the greatest (352.71 g), i.e. smallest (280.09 g) test weight was recorded in the hybrids ZP 434 and ZP 704, respectively. The highest shelling percentage of 60.53 % was determined in the hybrid ZP 704, while the lowest one (48.20 %) was recorded the hybrid ZP 434. Obtained results point out that both traits in all four hybrids are highly expressed under all observed agro-ecological conditions and that effects of factors on the seed weight and the shelling percentage are great.U ovim istraživanja posmatrane su masa 1000 semena i randman semena, u odnosu na genotipsku kombinaciju i agroekoloÅ”ke uslove proizvodnje semena. Analize su raÄene na hibridnom semenu Äetiri komercijalne hibridne kombinacije Instituta za kukuruz 'Zemun Polje', proizvedene na tri lokaliteta. U laboratorijskim uslovima, na radnom uzorku od 10x100 semena, izvrÅ”ena su ispitivanja apsolutne mase semena, randman semena utvrÄen je kao procentualni odnos mase semena i klipa. U trogodiÅ”njem istraživanju najveÄa izmerena masa 1000 semena je kod hibrida ZP 434 (352,71 g) dok je ZP 704 hibrid sa najmanjom postignutom masom(280,09 g). Randman semena najveÄi je kod ZP 704 (60,53%), najmanji 48,20% kod ZP 434. Lokalitet sa najveÄim variranjem mase bio je Turija (41,58%), a druga osobina najviÅ”e varijabilnosti u toku istraživanja bila je na lokalitetu Vrbas (28,13%). Eksperimentalni podaci obraÄeni su na srednju vrednost i ukupnu varijabilnost (x i C.V.) za obe osobine semena i svaku varijantu istraživanja. Dvofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse utvrÄen je uticaj faktora (hibrid i lokacija), kao i njihova interakcija na ispitivane osobine semena. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da sva Äetiri hibrida imaju visok nivo ispoljavanja obe osobine u svim posmatranim agroekoloÅ”kim uslovima, kao i visok uticaj faktora (hibrid i lokacija) na masu semena i randman semena
Testing of maize inbreed lines seed germination in the soil
The aim of this paper is to present soil as a growing medium used in germination tests of
seeds of some insecticide-treated maize inbred lines that have been carried out at the seed
testing laboratory of the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje in Belgrade. Although soil is
not recommended as a primary growing medium for seed germination because it is not
included into standard methods, it is the most natural and the best growing medium for seed
germination testing under laboratory conditions. Soil is recommended when seedlings show
phytotoxic symptoms or when results of the standard germination test are uncertain. The
standard method B(etween) P(aper) with 4x100 seeds and filter paper + soil method with
4x50 seeds were applied in the study in 2015 and 2016. Seeds were treated with the fungicide
Maxim Xl and the insecticide Sonido. Soil used in the study was degraded chernozem taken
from a maize field and prepared for the medium according to the standard procedure. Seeds
were germinated in the germination room at the temperature of 2030oC and 16:8 of light :
dark photoperiod. The first count and total germination were recorded on the 4th and the 7th
day, respectively, in both methods. Obtained results indicate that total germination for all
maize inbred lines was greater in both years of investigation when filter paper + soil method
was applied
ISTA proficiency test 17-2 germination results of white clover seed
The presence of hard seeds as a result of water impermeable seed coat is common in species of Fabaceae family. For wild plants, this characteristic allows better survival, but for agriculture production, hard seeds are undesirable, due to delayed and uneven germination. In seed testing laboratory several pre-treatments (pre-chill, mechanical scarification) can be applied for germination testing of these species. In this paper, Proficiency test 17-2 germination results of Trifolium repens seeds conducted in 150 laboratories around the world are presented. Those tests are organized by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) and are mandatory for all accredited laboratories. In this way laboratory's competence (staff, apparatus, test methods) is checked. In August 2017, samples of three Trifolium repens seed lots were distributed. In the Seed Testing Laboratory at the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (LIZP), germination was tested in September using mechanical scarification and pre-chilling (2 days at 5-10Ā°C) prior to germination at 20Ā°C. Among 90 accredited participants, only one more laboratory applied mechanical scarification, 42 laboratories did not use any pre-treatment, and 39 laboratories applied pre-chilling. Obtained germination results in LIZP (Lot1-84.50%, Lot2-84%, Lot3-88.50%) were higher than overall mean (Lot1-76.95%, Lot2-79.63%, and Lot3-83.27%). The main conclusion of this Proficiency test is that seed scarification significantly reduced the number of hard seeds in favour of normal seedlings. The reason for the rare application of scarification may be the requirement of the applicant to obtain adequate information regarding the number of hard seeds that will appear during seed sowing
ISTA proficiency test 17-2 germination results of white clover seed
Pojava tvrdog semena kao posledica nepropustljivosti semenjaÄe za vodu je izražena kod vrsta iz familije Fabaceae. Kod divljih biljaka ova osobina je bioloÅ”ki opravdana jer omoguÄa-va bolji opstanak, ali za poljoprivredu tvrda semena su nepoželjna jer klijaju sa zakaÅ”njenjem i neravnomerno. Prilikom ispitivanja klijavosti semena ovih vrsta u laboratoriji može se primeniti predtretman (prethodno hlaÄenje, mehaniÄka skarifikacija) pre naklijavanja u optimalnim uslovi-ma. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja klijavosti semena Trifolium repens sprovedena u 150 laboratorija Å”irom sveta u okviru Proficiency testa 17-2. Ovi testovi su organizovani od strane MeÄunarodne organizacije za ispitivanje semena (ISTA), a obavezni su za sve akredi-tovane laboratorije, jer se na taj naÄin kontroliÅ”e kompetentnost osoblja, ispravnost aparata i pou-zdanost primenjenih metoda ispitivanja. U avgustu 2017. godine distribuirani su uzorci tri partije semena Trifolium repens. U Laboratoriji za ispitivanje semena u Institutu za kukuruz Zemun Polje (LIZP), ispitana je klijavost u septembru primenom mehaniÄke skarifikacije i prethodnog hlaÄenja (2 dana na 5-10Ā°C), a zatim klijanje na 20Ā°C. Od 90 akreditovanih laboratorija samo je joÅ” jedna primenila mehaniÄku skarifikaciju, 42 laboratorije nisu primenile nikakav predtretman, a 39 laboratorija je primenilo prethodno hlaÄenje. Dobijeni rezultati klijavosti u LIZP (Lot1-84.50%, Lot2-84%, Lot3-88.50%) su bili iznad proseka svih laboratorija (Lot1-76.95%, Lot2-79.63%, Lot3-83.27%). Kao glavni zakljuÄak ovog Proficiency testa jeste da je skarifikacija se-mena znaÄajno smanjila broj tvrdih semena u korist normalnih klijanaca. Razlog retke primene skarifikacije može biti potreba korisnika da dobije adekvatnu informaciju vezanu za broj tvrdih semena koja Äe se pojaviti prilikom setve semena.The presence of hard seeds as a result of water impermeable seed coat is common in species of Fabaceae family. For wild plants, this characteristic allows better survival, but for agriculture production, hard seeds are undesirable, due to delayed and uneven germination. In seed testing laboratory several pre-treatments (pre-chill, mechanical scarification) can be applied for germination testing of these species. In this paper, Proficiency test 17-2 germination results of Trifolium repens seeds conducted in 150 laboratories around the world are presented. Those tests are organized by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) and are mandatory for all accredited laboratories. In this way laboratoryās competence (staff, apparatus, test methods) is checked. In August 2017, samples of three Trifolium repens seed lots were distributed. In the Seed Testing Laboratory at the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (LIZP), germination was tested in September using mechanical scarification and pre-chilling (2 days at 5-10Ā°C) prior to germination at 20Ā°C. Among 90 accredited participants, only one more laboratory applied mechanical scarification, 42 laboratories did not use any pre-treatment, and 39 laboratories applied pre-chilling. Obtained germination results in LIZP (Lot1-84.50%, Lot2-84%, Lot3-88.50%) were higher than overall mean (Lot1-76.95%, Lot2-79.63%, and Lot3-83.27%). The main conclusion of this Proficiency test is that seed scarification significantly reduced the number of hard seeds in favour of normal seedlings. The reason for the rare application of scarification may be the requirement of the applicant to obtain adequate information regarding the number of hard seeds that will appear during seed sowing
Kružne analize u proveri rada autorizovanih uzorkovaÄa semena
The objective of this study was to apply the ring analysis in the proficiency assessment of authorised seed samplers form 18
accredited laboratories from the Republic of Serbia and two seed samplers from the Republic of Macedonia. The seed sampling was
performed in the Processing plant, while the assessment was performed at the Seed Testing Laboratory of the Maize Research
Institute, Zemun Polje. Two maize seed lots, placed in containers and jumbo bags, and one barley seed lot packed in paper bags,
were sampled. Drawing of submitted samples and the estimation of the sampling intensity by seed samplers were done during the
course of sampling. Seed purity, 1000-seed weight and seed germination were determined in the drawn samples. Results obtained by
authorised samplers were within toleration limits.
All samplers from accredited laboratories proved to be well trained, the samples were properly drawn, while insignificant
nonconformities were detected in the calculation of sampling intensity.Cilj ovog rada je primena kružne analize u kontroli ovlaÅ”Äenih uzorkovaÄa semena iz 18 akreditovanih laboratorija iz Republik e
Srbije i dva uzorkovaÄa iz Makedonije. Uzorkovanje i ispitivanje obavljeno je na Doradnom centru i u Laboratoriji za ispiti vanje
semena Instituta za kukuruz āZemun Poljeā. Uzorkovane su dve partije semena kukuruza, smeÅ”tene u kontejnerima i džambo
vreÄama i jedna partija jeÄma upakovana u papirne vreÄe. U toku uzorkovanja, praÄen je naÄin formiranj a proseÄnog uzorka i
izraÄunavanja intenziteta uzorkovanja od strane uzorkovaÄa. Na uzetim uzorcima ispitivana je ÄistoÄa semena, masa 1000 semena i
klijavost semena. UtvrÄivanje klijavosti semena kukuruza je izvrÅ”eno na standardnom temperaturnom režimu 2030 0C,
naizmeniÄno 8/16 h, a za seme jeÄma na 200C. Masa je utvrÄena merenjem 8x100 semena a ÄistoÄa semena procentualnim uÄeÅ”Äem
neÄistoÄa u uzorku. Ispitivana ÄistoÄa semena se kretala od 99,4%-99,9% za prvi uzorak kukuruza, za drugi uzorak kukuruza se
kretala od 98,6-99,3% a za uzorak jeÄma od 99,4-99,7%. Klijavost semena za prvi uzorak kukuruza se kretala od 96-98%, za drugi
uzorak od 90-96% a za partiju jeÄma od 97-99%. Masa se kretala od 351,7 g-357,3 g za prvi uzorak kukuruza, za drugi uzorak
kukuruza od 306,3 g-315,0 g a za uzorak jeÄma od 46,19 g-44,76 g. Analize su raÄene prema Pravilnika o kvalitetu semena
poljoprivrednog bilja 47/87 i po meÄunarodnim ISTA pravilima. Eksperimentalni podaci obraÄeni su deskriptivnom statistikom
(srednja vrednost, standardan devijacija, medijana), koristeÄi Data Analisysis Softver System.
Dobijeni rezultati ovlaÅ”Äenih uzorkovaÄa su u granicama dozvoljenih odstupanja. Svi uzorkovaÄi iz akreditovanih laboratorija
dobro formiraju radni uzorak, dok su manja odstupanja uoÄena kod izraÄunavanja intenziteta uzorkovanja
PoreÄenje dve procedure hladnog testa za ispitivanje vigora semena samooplodnih linija kukuruza
Cold test (CT) is a valuable method of assessing maize seed vigour. Although widely used CT is not standardized because of variations in CT procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate seed vigour of 15 maize inbred lines developed at the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, using two different substrates (soil and sand) in a severe CT (7.5Ā°C for 10 days followed by 7 days at 20/30 Ā°C). Statistical analysis showed that inbred lines differ significantly in seed vigour, and no difference between two applied substrates in CT. Coefficients of variation were lower in CT with sand (6.05 %), compared to the CT with soil (6.74%) due to variation in soil quality and presence of soil-borne pathogens. Both CT procedures were highly correlated with field emergence. Results of this research indicate that CT with sand is appropriate for testing maize seed vigour, with the potential for standardization.Vigor semena je veoma važan parametar kvaliteta, jer ukazuje na sposobnost semena da klija u suboptimalnim uslovima (niska temperatura, visoka vlažnost zemljiÅ”ta itd.). Hladni test je važan metod za utvrÄivanje vigora semena kukuruza. Iako je dobar pokazatelj nicanja u polju, i koristi se Å”irom sveta, hladni test nije standardizovan zbog razlika u proceduri (temperatura, vrsta i vlažnost supstrata). Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje vigora semena samooplodnih linija kukuruza primenom dva razliÄita supstrata (zemlja i pesak) u hladnom testu. Za ispitivanje je odabrano 15 samooplodnih linija kukuruza stvorenih u Institutu za kukuruz 'Zemun Polje'. Primenjeni su izrazito stresni uslovi ispitivanja u hladnom testu (10 dana na 7,5Ā°C, a zatim 7 dana na 20/30Ā°C). StatistiÄkom obradom podataka utvrÄeno je da su se samooplodne linije znaÄajno razlikovale po vigoru semena tj. tolerantnosti na niske temperature u periodu klijanja i poÄetnog porasta. Sa druge strane nije utvrÄena znaÄajna razlika izmeÄu dva primenjena supstrata u hladnom testu. ProseÄna klijavost 15 samooplodnih linija u hladnom testu sa peskom iznosila je 82,2%, a u hladnom testu sa zemljom 80,1%. Koeficijent varijacije je bio niži u hladnom testu sa peskom (6,05%), nego u hladnom testu sa zemljom (6,74%), Å”to se objaÅ”njava variranjem u kvalitetu zemlje i prisustvu zemljiÅ”nih patogena. Obe ispitivane procedure su postigle visoku korelaciju sa nicanjem u polju. Rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju na moguÄnost koriÅ”Äenja peska kao supstrata u hladnom testu, Äime bi se ispitivanje vigora semena kukuruza znatno olakÅ”alo, a ujedno bi se stekli uslovi za standardizaciju hladnog testa
Eksperimentalna procena organskih podloga za ispitivanje klijavosti semena soje
High germination of seeds and seedling establishment are critical for soybean production
since it determines crop density and eventually affects the yield. Accurate evaluation of the ger mination potential of sowing material is valuable, as well as initial quality assessment of newly
harvested seed. ISTA Rules prescribe alternative methods for soybean seed germination: sand,
between paper, top of paper covered with sand and since 2020 organic growing media. In the
Seed Testing Laboratory at the Maize Research Institute soybean germination is conducted in the
sand at 2030Ā°C. The objective of this study was to evaluate several available organic growing
media and compare results obtained with the standard laboratory method. Five soybean seed lots
of different quality were tested in four germination growing media (3 organic and sand), at two
temperature regimes (25 Ā°C and 2030Ā°C). Statistical analyses showed that all types of organic
growing media were of the same quality. Slightly higher germination in organic growing media
was obtained in the experiment at 2030Ā°C compared to sand, but those differences were not
statistically significant. When testing was done in germinator with 25Ā°C positive effects of organic
growing media were identified and this impact was significant, especially for low-quality seed
lots. The experimental outcome was to continue with routine practice and use organic growing
media for retesting of seed lots with lower germination as an alternative substrate.
Key words: germination, organic substrate, sand, soybean, temperatureVisoka klijavost semena i uniforman rast klijanaca su presudni za proizvodnju soje, jer od
toga zavisi gustina useva i na kraju, prinos. Precizna procena potencijala klijavosti setvenog ma terijala je izuzetno važna, kao i poÄetna procena kvaliteta tek požnjevenog semena. MeÄunarod na pravila za ispitivanje semena propisuju alternativne metode za klijanje semena soje: pesak,
izmeÄu filter papira, na filter papiru uz prekrivanje peskom, i od 2020. godine organski supstrat.
U Laboratoriji za ispitivanje semena, Instituta za kukuruz āZemun Poljeā, naklijavanje soje se
vrÅ”i u pesku, na temperaturi 2030Ā°C. Cilj ove studije bio je proceniti nekoliko dostupnih
organskih supstrata i uporediti dobijene rezultate sa dosadaŔnjom laboratorijskom metodom.
Pet partija soje razliÄitog kvaliteta testirano je u Äetiri podloge za naklijavanje (3 organske i pe sak), pri dva temperaturna režima (25Ā°C i 2030Ā°C). StatistiÄka analiza pokazala je da su sve
organske podloge istog kvaliteta. NeÅ”to vecĢa klijavost u organskom supstratu u poreÄenju sa pes kom je ostvarena u eksperimentu na 2030Ā°C, ali te razlike nisu bile statistiÄki znaÄajne. Pri likom ispitivanja u klijaliÅ”tu sa 25Ā°C pokazali su se pozitivni efekti organske podloge i ovaj uticaj
je bio znaÄajan, posebno za partije slabijeg kvaliteta. Nakon analize eksperimentalnih rezultata
odluÄeno je da se nastavi sa dosadaÅ”njom laboratorijskom praksom naklijavanja u pesku i da se
organska podloga koristi kao alternativni supstrat za ponovno ispitivanje partija semena sa nižim
procentom klijavosti
Visina proseÄnog prinosa ZPSC 341 u zavisnosti od procenta uÄeÅ”Äa fertilnih i sterilnih biljaka
The aim of the study was to determine the changes in grain yields in relation to the sterile to fertile plants ratio. Total of 21 mixtures of 0, 5, 10 up to 100 % of fertile plants mixed with the sterile variant of the hybrid ZPSC 341 was made. Because of reliability of the experiment the original fertile hybrid ZPSC 341 was used as a check three times. Effects of fertile, i.e. sterile cytoplasm of the observed hybrid on yield and yield variations were studied. The extent of dependence of the percentage of fertile plants on yield was determined. Furthermore, the sterile to fertile hybrid variant ratio resulting in the highest yield was established. The analysis of results indicate that the highest average yield (13.273 t ha-1) was obtained with 90 % fertility, while the lowest average yield (11.510 t ha-1) was gained with 10 % fertility.U radu su prikazani rezultati ogleda ZPSC 341 hibrida proizvedenog u 2015 godini. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se izvoÄenjem ogleda na odreÄenoj lokaciji i primenom statistiÄke analize, odredi optimalan odnos muÅ”ki sterilne (cms-S osnova) i muÅ”ki fertilne komponente komercijalnog hibrida ZPSC 341, kako bi se u komercijalnoj proizvodnji postigao maksimalan prinos. Ogled je postavljen na lokaciji Bijeljina u tri ponavljanja po sluÄajnom blok sistemu. Napravljena je 21 smeÅ”a sa po 0, 5, 10 do 100% fertilnih biljaka pomeÅ”anih sa sterilnom varijantom hibrida ZPSC 341. Kao kontrola, radi pouzdanosti eksperimenta u ogled je ukljuÄen orginalni fertilni hibrid ZPSC 341 kao standard tri puta (ZPSC 341 iz ruÄne oplodnje, ZPSC 341 F1 i ZPSC 341 iz reciproÄnog ukrÅ”tanja). Posmatran je prinos, variranje prinosa i uticaj na prinos uÄeÅ”Äa fertilne odnosno sterilne citoplazme ispitivanog hibrida. StatistiÄka obrada podataka obuhvatila je analizu varijanse po sluÄajnom blok sistemu, regresionu i korelacionu analizu prinosa zrna i procenta fertilnih biljaka u hibridu ZPSC 341, kako bi se utvrdile promene proseÄnog prinosa zrna u odnosu na procenat uÄeÅ”Äa sterilnih i fertilnih biljaka. UtvrÄeno je u kojoj meri postoji zavisnost procenta fertilnosti na prinos odnosno koji odnos sterilne i fertilne varijante hibrida je ostvario najveÄi prinos. Analiza rezultata je pokazala da je najveÄi proseÄan prinos bio sa 90% fertilnosri (13,273 t ha-1) za razliku od hibrida sa 10% fertilnosti koji je imao najmanji proseÄan prinos (11,510 t ha-1)
Visina proseÄnog prinosa ZPSC 341 u zavisnosti od procenta uÄeÅ”Äa fertilnih i sterilnih biljaka
The aim of the study was to determine the changes in grain yields in relation to the sterile to fertile plants ratio. Total of 21 mixtures of 0, 5, 10 up to 100 % of fertile plants mixed with the sterile variant of the hybrid ZPSC 341 was made. Because of reliability of the experiment the original fertile hybrid ZPSC 341 was used as a check three times. Effects of fertile, i.e. sterile cytoplasm of the observed hybrid on yield and yield variations were studied. The extent of dependence of the percentage of fertile plants on yield was determined. Furthermore, the sterile to fertile hybrid variant ratio resulting in the highest yield was established. The analysis of results indicate that the highest average yield (13.273 t ha-1) was obtained with 90 % fertility, while the lowest average yield (11.510 t ha-1) was gained with 10 % fertility.U radu su prikazani rezultati ogleda ZPSC 341 hibrida proizvedenog u 2015 godini. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se izvoÄenjem ogleda na odreÄenoj lokaciji i primenom statistiÄke analize, odredi optimalan odnos muÅ”ki sterilne (cms-S osnova) i muÅ”ki fertilne komponente komercijalnog hibrida ZPSC 341, kako bi se u komercijalnoj proizvodnji postigao maksimalan prinos. Ogled je postavljen na lokaciji Bijeljina u tri ponavljanja po sluÄajnom blok sistemu. Napravljena je 21 smeÅ”a sa po 0, 5, 10 do 100% fertilnih biljaka pomeÅ”anih sa sterilnom varijantom hibrida ZPSC 341. Kao kontrola, radi pouzdanosti eksperimenta u ogled je ukljuÄen orginalni fertilni hibrid ZPSC 341 kao standard tri puta (ZPSC 341 iz ruÄne oplodnje, ZPSC 341 F1 i ZPSC 341 iz reciproÄnog ukrÅ”tanja). Posmatran je prinos, variranje prinosa i uticaj na prinos uÄeÅ”Äa fertilne odnosno sterilne citoplazme ispitivanog hibrida. StatistiÄka obrada podataka obuhvatila je analizu varijanse po sluÄajnom blok sistemu, regresionu i korelacionu analizu prinosa zrna i procenta fertilnih biljaka u hibridu ZPSC 341, kako bi se utvrdile promene proseÄnog prinosa zrna u odnosu na procenat uÄeÅ”Äa sterilnih i fertilnih biljaka. UtvrÄeno je u kojoj meri postoji zavisnost procenta fertilnosti na prinos odnosno koji odnos sterilne i fertilne varijante hibrida je ostvario najveÄi prinos. Analiza rezultata je pokazala da je najveÄi proseÄan prinos bio sa 90% fertilnosri (13,273 t ha-1) za razliku od hibrida sa 10% fertilnosti koji je imao najmanji proseÄan prinos (11,510 t ha-1)
Evaluation of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures for production of white pickled and fresh soft cheeses
In order to preserve the traditional manufacturing of white pickled (WPC) and fresh soft cheeses (FSC), well-characterized autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with advantageous characteristics were applied for the production of the cheeses at small industrial scale under the controlled conditions. Selected LAB for design of defined mixed starter cultures belonged to Lactococcus lactis ZGBP5-9, Enterococcus faecium ZGPR1-54 and Lactobacillus plantarum ZGPR2-25 for FSC production and to Lc. lactis BGAL1-4, Lactobacillus brevis BGGO7-28 and Lb. plantarum BGGO7-29 for WPC production. A sensory evaluation indicated that the cheeses obtained by inoculation with selected autochthonous LAB are similar to the traditional cheese and received the best scores. Viable cell counts of LAB used for the production of both type chesses was high, over 10(6) cfu g(-1). High viability of the surveyed strains was supported with PCR-DGGE, which confirm the retention of selected LAB strains as starter cultures in cheese production. Next, PFGE analysis showed that each single strains, selected in particular cheese mixed culture, revealed unique SmaI PFGE pattern that could enable efficient discrimination and monitoring of the strains in industrial process. As some of the selected LAB strains are attributed as potential probiotics, produced cheeses could be considered as functional food