1 research outputs found
Π£ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ (Π³ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ) ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
The aim of the research was the adaptation of industrial (Dutch) cultivation technology of potato depending on applied fertilizers and quality characteristics, studying of its impact on productivity and product quality under the conditions of light-gray forest soils of the nonchernozem zone of Russia by the example of the Moscow region. The given results are based on the detailed accounting of the natural research conditions of the area, usage of modern developments in potato cultivation technology, a large volume of the experimental material obtained in a three-factor small plot field experiments using the proven methodologies and advanced mathematical and statistical methods of analysis. The highest potato yield of sort Arizona (average 42.10 t/ha) was obtained in the variant of industrial (Dutch) technology and additional introduction of potassium sulfate in the period of planting in a dose of 60 kg/ha active substance which is significantly higher than the yields obtained under the traditional potato cultivation technology of the same grade in the control variant (27.15 t/ ha). In the marked variant of the industrial technology there was received the best structural composition of the harvest: the highest share was held by large fractions of size >70 mm, 70...50 mm, their weight in total was 76.6%, the number of tubers - 50.7% and unproductive tubers -8%. Under the industrial technology at the plants of Arizona sort there were formed in average one bush of 21.3 tubers of weight 1286 g. In the similar variant of sort Roko there were 19.7 tubers of weight 1192 g per one bush. In the optimal variant there was also the biggest content of nutrients in potato tubers: of solids - by 8.8%, protein (crude protein) by 15.8%, starch by 6.4% and vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) - by 11% compared to the traditional technology. When microscopying there were revealed larger starch grains. Ecological safety of potato tubers was set up on the concentrations of heavy metals and nitrates the quantity of which was less than in the industrial technology and significantly below MPC. In this variant there were marked the best degustation evaluations of potato tubers.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ (Π³ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ) ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ² ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ,Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°,ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π° (Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ 42,10 Ρ/Π³Π°) ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ (Π³ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ) ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 60 ΠΊΠ³/Π³Π° Π΄.Π², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ (27,15 Ρ/Π³Π°). Π ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ: Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ >70 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ 70.50 ΠΌΠΌ, ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π° 76,6%, ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 50,7%, Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ - 8%. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΡΡΡ 21,3 ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ 1286 Π³. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π ΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π°Π» 19,7 ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ 1192 Π³ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²: ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° - Π½Π° 8,8%, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° (ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°) - Π½Π° 15,8%, ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°Π»Π° - Π½Π° 6,4% ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π‘ (Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ) - Π½Π° 11% Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°. ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ