Reliability Theory of Structures with Strength Degradation in Load History

The theory of structural reliability is developed for repeated loads with due consideration for strength degradation dependent on the load intensity. The probability distribution of the residual strength of the structure is treated as such that modified by successive application of loads in the sense of both the non-failure effect and the strength-degradation effect. The numerical results of this study show some essential and interesting aspects as to the change in the structural strength and the reliability function through applications of repeated loads

Hysteresis Model of Structural Materials under Repeated Elasto-Plastic Deformation

This study has been attempted in order to simulate a plastic fatigue failure process and transition of hysteresis loops under a cyclic elasto-plastic deformation. The hysteresis model proposed herein consists of continuously distributed parallel elements. It can display the fatigue failure process of material which hardens in its initial stage, and deteriorates in the second stage unitil complete failure occurs. The numerical results based on the model are compared with the experimental results of a plastic bending fatigue test on SS 41 H-section steel beams

Random Fatigue Analysis of Structural Steel Bars Subjected to Plastic Bending

Low-cycle fatigue life of structural steel bars subjected to random plastic flexural deformation is analyzed. Fatigue tests are performed on 100×100 SS41 H bars under constant-amplitude and randomly varying repeated loads. Fatigue life for random loads is estimated by using the linear cumulative damage law. Damage per unit time (or cycle) is predicted by (1) the equivalent amplitude factor and (2) peak-trough and plastic deformation criteria. Estimated results are compared with test results

Analysis of the genitive case in Old English within a cognitive grammar framework, based on the data from Ælfic's Catholic Homilies First Series

The primary aim of the present study is to give a semantic/conceptual analysis to the genitive case in Old English (= OE) within a Cognitive Grammar (=CG) framework (specifically Langacker's version; Langacker 1987, 1991) and explain the diversity of its use (adnominal, adverbal, adjectival, prepositional, and adverbial), as constituting a coherent network, wherein all variants share a unified semantic structure. My analysis is partly based on Roman Jakobson's (1936/1971) study on the Russian case system, which is recast and updated within a CG framework. Pivotal to my analysis of the semantic structure of the genitive case is the notion of "deprofile", whereby an already profiled (i.e. most prominent) entity in a given predicate becomes unprofiled, to reduce the amount of attention drawn onto the designatum, making it conceptually less prominent. Specifically, the function of the genitive case in OE is to deprofile the profile of the nominal predicate to which the genitive inflection is attached. The crucial claim is that a genitive nominal is a nominal predicate, in that it still profiles a region in some domain, in accordance with the schematic characterisation of the semantic structure of a noun in CG. The nominal character of a genitive nominal means that it can occur in various syntactic contexts where any other nominal expression can occur, namely in a position for a verbal, adverbial, and prepositional complement, as well as in a modifier/complement position for a noun. This account ties in with the subsequent history of the genitive case after the end of the OE period, in which some of its uses became obsolete, especially the partitive function of adnominal genitive, and all functions of the adverbal, adjectival, prepositional genitives. The cumulative effect of this is that a genitive nominal ceased to be a nominal predicate, and its determinative character which had already existed in OE side by side with its nominal character, became grammaticalised during the ME period as a general function of a genitive nominal. Chapter l outlines the history of the genitive case from OE to early ME, to introduce the problems to be dealt with in this dissertation, particularly the diversity of the genitive functions. Reviews of some previous studies relevant to the problems are also provided. Chapter 2 and 3 introduce the framework of CG. Chapter 2 summarises some basic assumptions about grammar, and Chapter 3 focuses on how syntactic issues are dealt with in CG, based on the assumptions summarised in Chapter 2. Here I also introduce Langacker's (1991) and Taylor's (1996) account of a Present Day English possessive construction, using Langacker's reference point analysis, and examine its applicability to the OE genitive. As an alternative, the notion of deprofile will be introduced. Chapters 4 and 5 are the application to the actual examples of genitive nominals, taken from Ælfric's Catholic Homilies first series; Chapter 4 deals with adnominal genitive, and chapter 5 covers all the non-adnominal genitives. Finally, Chapter 6 discusses how the diversity of the genitive functions in OE and its subsequent history may be accounted for in the light of the findings in this study

Effectiveness of vital staining with iodine solution in reducing local recurrence after resection of dysplastic or malignant oral mucosa

The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of vital staining with iodine solution in reducing local recurrence after resection of dysplastic or malignant oral mucosa. The historical control group had dysplastic or malignant mucosal lesions resected solely on the evidence of direct inspection and palpation. In the vital staining group tissue was resected only after vital staining with iodine solution. Seven of 25 patients in the conventional group developed recurrent dysplastic or cancerous oral mucosa around the primary site, while no patient among 23 reported recurrence in the vital staining group (p < 0.01). Kaplan Meier assessment showed that the 5-year primary control rate was 100% in the vital staining group and 75% in the conventional group. Although this retrospective study has some limitations, the results suggest that vital staining with iodine may be useful in reducing the incidence of recurrence of dysplastic or cancerous epithelium at a primary site. Further well-controlled study is essential.ArticleBRITISH JOURNAL OF ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY. 50(2):109-112 (2012)journal articl

Effects of Defoliation on Defense Characteristics in Leaves of Deciduous Broad-Leaved Tree Species in Changing Environment

北海道大学Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteScedule:17-18 March 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa, Japan, Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Project Leader : Hayakawa, Kazuichi, Symposium Secretariat: XO kamata, Naoto, Edited by:Kamata, Naoto

Cholestatic Jaundice as a Paraneoplastic Manifestation of Prostate Cancer

Paraneoplastic syndrome associated with prostate cancer is extremely rare. We report a patient who presented with cholestatic jaundice without biliary duct obstruction, hepatic involvement, or infection. After a few detailed examinations, prostate cancer was diagnosed. After treatment with bicalutamide and leuprolide, the patient's symptoms and laboratory abnormalities were reversed. Cholestatic jaundice was regarded as a paraneoplastic manifestation in this patient. The patient remains symptom-free after 14-month followup. Paraneoplastic syndrome should be considered in case of cholestatic jaundice without biliary duct obstruction, hepatic involvement, or infection

Leaf Longevity and Defense Characteristics in Trees of Betulaceae

北海道大学Foresty amd ForestProducts Research Institute(FFPRI)Hokkaido Research center, FFPRIProceedings : IUFRO Kanazawa 2003 "Forest Insect Population Dynamics and Host Influences"., Scedule:14－19 September 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Kanazawa, Japan, Joint metting of IUFRO working groups : 7.01.02 Tree resistance to Insects | 7.03.06 Integrated management of forset defoloating insects | 7.03.07 Population dynamics of forest insects, Sponsored by: IUFRO-J | Ishikawa Prefecture | Kanazawa City | 21st-COE Program of Kanazawa University, Editors: Kamata, Naoto | Liebhold, Nadrew M. | Quiring, Dan T. | Clancy, Karen M

Posterior Cervical Intramuscular Schwannoma Within the Trapezius Muscle: A Case Report

Schwannomas are benign soft tissue tumors derived from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves. An intramuscular schwannoma arising within the trapezius muscle in the posterior neck is rare. We report a case of a 31-year-old woman with an intramuscular schwannoma in the trapezius muscle. A painless and smooth-surfaced mass from 10 years ago was evident on palpation in the right posterior neck. Ultrasonography revealed an oval mass with clear borders and slight internal blood flow. No continuous hypoechoic lesions were noted at the tip of the mass. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck revealed a mass in the right posterior cervical trapezius muscle with isointensity on T1-weighted imaging and heterointensity on T2-weighted imaging. Based on these findings, a schwannoma was suspected. Ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration cytology revealed no significant findings. During surgery, a white-colored, encapsulated-tumor mass was found in the trapezius muscle. Histopathologically, hypocellular and hypercellular areas of fusiform cells were conspicuous, and nuclear palisading was observed in a part of the hypercellular region, confirming the diagnosis of schwannoma. To our knowledge, this is an extremely rare report of an intramuscular schwannoma within the trapezius muscle; herein, we report its clinical, radiological, and pathological features