The fraction of cancer attributable to ways of life, infections, occupation, and environmental agents in Brazil in 2020

Many human cancers develop as a result of exposure to risk factors related to the environment and ways of life. The aim of this study was to estimate attributable fractions of 25 types of cancers resulting from exposure to modifiable risk factors in Brazil. The prevalence of exposure to selected risk factors among adults was obtained from population-based surveys conducted from 2000 to 2008. Risk estimates were based on data drawn from metaanalyses or large, high quality studies. Population-attributable fractions (PAF) for a combination of risk factors, as well as the number of preventable deaths and cancer cases, were calculated for 2020. The known preventable risk factors studied will account for 34% of cancer cases among men and 35% among women in 2020, and for 46% and 39% deaths, respectively. The highest attributable fractions were estimated for tobacco smoking, infections, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, excess weight, reproductive factors, and physical inactivity. This is the first study to systematically estimate the fraction of cancer attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in Brazil. Strategies for primary prevention of tobacco smoking and control of infection and the promotion of a healthy diet and physical activity should be the main priorities in policies for cancer prevention in the country. \ua9 2016 Azevedo e Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Протеомный анализ эффектов тиоктовой кислоты в составе меглюмина тиоктата

Proteomic analysis indicated 6 target proteins of thioctic acid (TA) and 11 proteins of TA metabolism, all of which are mitochondrial proteins. In the structure of the target proteins (namely, P-protein, H-protein, lipoamide acyltransferase, dihydrolipoyline acetyltransferase, X-protein pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolyloylizine succinyltransferase), TA is a cofactor which is covalently bound to specific lysine residues and which is required for processing glycine and other amino acids, thus maintaining the activity of the Krebs cycle. Insufficient activity of these target proteins (due to either genetic defects or nutritional TA deficiency) leads to mitochondrial insufficiency, hyperglycinemia, biliary cirrhosis, "maple syrup urine" syndrome and other metabolic disorders. Insufficient activity of the 11 proteins of TA metabolism is associated with multiple disorders of mitochondrial function, lactic acidosis and anemia. Thus, TA is fundamentally important for supporting the function of mitochondria and of the cellular energy metabolism.Протеомный анализ указал на 6 таргетных белков тиоктовой кислоты (ТК) и 11 белков метаболизма ТК. Все установленные белки являются митохондриальными белками. В таргетных белках (P-белок, H-белок, липоамид ацилтрансфераза, дигидролипо-иллин ацетилтрансфераза, Х-белок пируватдегидрогеназы, дигидролипоиллизин сукцинилтрансфераза) ТК является кофактором, ковалентно связанным со специфическими остатками лизина и необходима для переработки глицина и других аминокислот, поддержания активности цикла Кребса. Недостаточная активность этих таргетных белков (вследствие генетических дефектов или глубокого дефицита ТК) приводит к митохондриальной недостаточности, гиперглицинемии, билиарному циррозу, синдрому «мочи кленового сиропа» и другим нарушениям метаболизма. Недостаточная активность 11 белков метаболизма ТК ассоциирована со множественными нарушениями функции митохондрий, лактоацидозом и анемией. Таким образом, ТК принципиально важна для поддержки функции митохондрий и энергетического метаболизма клетки

Parental Tobacco Smoking and the Risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC).

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Mouthwash use and cancer of the head and neck: a pooled analysis from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium

Most mouthwashes contain alcohol, a known cause of head and neck cancer (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx), likely through the carcinogenic activity of acetaldehyde, formed in the oral cavity from alcohol