Superficial Depressed Type (IIc) Early Cancer of the Colon : Report of Two Cases

Two cases of superficial depressed type (IIc) early cancer of the colon are reported. Case 1 was a 65-year-old male and case 2 a 69-year old male. The lesion was located in the descending colon in both cases, and was removed by strip biopsy endoscopically in the former and surgically in the latter. The size of the lesion after resection was 6 mm in case 1 and 5 mm in case 2. Histopathologically, both cases were well differentiated adenocarcinoma without adenomatous components, and carcinoma developed de novo by submucosal (sm) invasion. As to the immunohistochemical staining of the cancer tissue by tumor associated antigen, case 1 showed a strong expression of carcinoembrionic antigen (CEA) and partial expression of sialyl Lewisx, and case 2 showed expressions of both CEA and sialyl Lewisx . The nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry was aneuploid only in case 1. Thus, although the two cases were morphologically the same IIc type cancer, the process of carcinogenesis and secondary phenomena varied

Spawning behavior and early life history of the rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus, in the laboratory

Contribution No. 203 of the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.The spawning behavior and embryonic and larval development of Siganus guttatus are described from laboratory observations. Characteristic prespawning behavior began 4 h before actual spawning: the female touched the anal region of the abdomen on the bottom of the tank; the male displayed short, jerky, rushing movements towards the female, often with rapid circling around her. The male and the female separately released small amounts of milt and eggs several times during the pre-spawning ritual. The color of both sexes changed, the male becoming lighter and the female darker in ground color. Spawning took place at 02.30 h on the third day after the first quarter of the moon. During actual spawning, the pair swam side by side, with the female slightly ahead of the male. Fertilized eggs were small (0.56±0.008 mm), demersal and adhesive, with many oil globules. Larvae measured 1.74±0.043 mm total length at hatching, and possessed eight pairs of free neuromasts with long cupulae (60–180 μm) from 6 h to 39 h after hatching. The adult complement of fin ray counts was attained on day 16 when larvae (=juveniles) measured 8.34 mm total length on the average

Early development of fin-supports and fin-rays in the milkfish Chanos chanos

Contribution No. 162 of the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.Development of fin-supports and fin-rays was observed in larval and juvenileChanos chanos, Chondrification of the caudal complex started at 4.70 mm SL. Ossification of the caudal elements started at 7.80 mm SL and was nearly completed at about 30 mm SL. Cartilaginous fusion of caudal elements, which occurs in hypurals of higher teleostean fishes but is not seen in lower teleosts, was observed between the neural arch of the preural centrum 1 and that of the ural centrum 1 via a small cartilage bridging the distal tips of the two arches. Caudal finrays began to develop at 6.60 mm SL, and an adult complement of principal rays was attained at 7.35 mm SL. Dorsal and anal pterygiophore elements were first evident at 6.70 mm and 6.65 mm SL, respectively. All proximal radiais were formed at 8.15 mm SL in both fins. Formation of dorsal and anal fin-rays started simultaneously at 8.60 mm SL, and adult fin-ray complements were attained at 10,00 mm and 10.70 mm SL, respectively. In the pectoral fin, the cleithrum, coraco-scapular cartilage and blade-like cartilage (fin plate) had already been formed at 4.65 mm SL. The mesocoracoid was observed to originate from the coraco-scapular cartilage and become detached from it in the course of ossification. Pectoral fin-ray formation started at 13.80 mm SL and was completed in number of rays at 20.00 mm SL. In the pelvic fin, the basipterygium was first evident at 13.00 mm SL. Pelvic fin-rays appeared at 13.80 mm SL and attained their adult count at 17.15 mm SL

Early larval development of the seabass Lates calcarifer with emphasis on the transition of energy sources

The early growth, yolk and oil globule resorption, early morphological and behavioral de-velopment, and initial feeding of hatchery-raised Lates calcarifer were studied. Based on the developmental events and the energy the reby utilized, the early life history of this species can be broken down into the following five phases: 1) rapid early growth due to rapid yolk resorption (from hatching to about 15 hr after hatching (TAH); 2) morphological differentiation and slowgrowth based on energy from yolk (to about 50 h TAH when the yolk is exhausted); 3) slow growth with initiation of feeding and swimming activities, based on energy from oil globule and from exogenous food (to about 110 h TAH); 4) accelerated growth and effective feeding and swimming based on the same two sources of energy as in the preceding stage (up to about 120-140 h TAH when the oil globule is exhausted); and 5) accelerated growth, effective feeding and swimming and further development based solely on exogenous energy (beyond 140 h TAIT)

Transition from endogenous to exogenous nutrition sources in larval rabbitfish Siganus guttatus

Contribution No. 257 of the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.The early larval development of Siganus guttatus was studied with emphasis on the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding. Three rearing trials were conducted as follows: 1) rearing in a 5 ton concrete tank at 27.9-29.3oC (T-85 trial); 2) rearing in a 0.5 ton fiberglass tank at 22.2-26.5oC (T-86A trial); 3) rearing in the same manner as in T-86A but without food (T-86B trial). On the basis of the developmental events and energy flow in T-86A trial, the early life history of the species could be divided into the following seven phases: 1) rapid larval growth due to rapid yolk resorption (from hatching to about 15 h after hatching (time after hatching: TAH)); 2) slow growth and organogenesis based mainly on yolk energy (to about 50 h TAH); 3) slow growth based on energy of yolk, oil globule and exogenous food (to about 50 h TAH); 4) slow growth based on two sources of energy, oil globule and exogenous food (to about 90 h TAH); 5) the same mode of development and energy flow as in the preceding phase, but with a certain level of feeding amount (to about 120 h TAH); 6) accelerated larval growth and effective feeding and swimming based only on exogenous food (to about 150 h TAH); and 7) the same mode as in the preceding phase with accelerated increase of feeding amount (beyond 150 h TAH). Differences in developmental mode were observed in T-85 and T-86A trials, but it could not be ascertained in this particular study which of the environment factors played the greatest influence. The results of T-86A and B showed that the larvae, in order to survive, have to get over two obstacles on feeding, that is, to start feeding and to change from endogenous to exogenous feeding suitably