Effect of Impurities with Internal Structure on Multiband Superconductors - Possible Enhancement of Transition Temperature -

We study inelastic (dynamical) impurity scattering effects in two-band superconductors with the same ($s_{++}$ wave) or different ($s_\pm$ wave) sign order parameters. We focus on the enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$ by magnetic interband scattering with the interchange of crystal-field singlet ground and multiplet excited states. Either the $s_{++}$-wave or $s_\pm$-wave state is favored by the impurity-mediated pairing, which depends on the magnetic and nonmagnetic scattering strengths derived from the hybridization of the impurity states with the conduction bands. The details are examined for the singlet-triplet configuration that is suggestive of Pr impurities in the skutterudite superconductor LaOs$_4$Sb$_{12}$.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Vol. 79, No. 9 (2010

Phase diagram of orbital-selective Mott transitions at finite temperatures

Mott transitions in the two-orbital Hubbard model with different bandwidths are investigated at finite temperatures. By means of the self-energy functional approach, we discuss the stability of the intermediate phase with one orbital localized and the other itinerant, which is caused by the orbital-selective Mott transition (OSMT). It is shown that the OSMT realizes two different coexistence regions at finite temperatures in accordance with the recent results of Liebsch. We further find that the particularly interesting behavior emerges around the special condition $U=U'$ and J=0, which includes a new type of the coexistence region with three distinct states. By systematically changing the Hund coupling, we establish the global phase diagram to elucidate the key role played by the Hund coupling on the Mott transitions.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

Diffusion due to the Beam-Beam Interaction and Fluctuating Fields in Hadron Colliders

Random fluctuations in the tune, beam offsets and beam size in the presence of the beam-beam interaction are shown to lead to significant particle diffusion and emittance growth in hadron colliders. We find that far from resonances high frequency noise causes the most diffusion while near resonances low frequency noise is responsible for the large emittance growth observed. Comparison of different fluctuations shows that offset fluctuations between the beams causes the largest diffusion for particles in the beam core.Comment: 5 pages, 3 postscript figure

First-order quantum phase transition in the orthogonal-dimer spin chain

We investigate the low-energy properties of the orthogonal-dimer spin chain characterized by a frustrated dimer-plaquette structure. When the competing antiferromagnetic couplings are varied, the first-order quantum phase transition occurs between the dimer and the plaquette phases, which is accompanied by nontrivial features due to frustration: besides the discontinuity in the lowest excitation gap at the transition point, a sharp level-crossing occurs for the spectrum in the plaquette phase. We further reveal that the plateau in the magnetization curve at 1/4 of the full moment dramatically changes its character in the vicinity of the critical point. It is argued that the first-order phase transition in this system captures some essential properties found in the two-dimensional orthogonal-dimer model proposed for $\rm SrCu_2(BO_3)_2$.Comment: 7 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Angular Distribution of γ\gamma-rays from Neutron-Induced Compound States of 140^{140}La

Angular distribution of individual $\gamma$-rays, emitted from a neutron-induced compound nuclear state via radiative capture reaction of ${}^{139}$La(n,$\gamma$) has been studied as a function of incident neutron energy in the epithermal region by using germanium detectors. An asymmetry $A_{\mathrm{LH}}$ was defined as $(N_{\mathrm L}-N_{\mathrm H})/(N_{\mathrm L}+N_{\mathrm H})$, where $N_{\mathrm L}$ and $N_{\mathrm H}$ are integrals of low and high energy region of a neutron resonance respectively, and we found that $A_{\mathrm{LH}}$ has the angular dependence of $(A\cos\theta_\gamma+B)$, where $\theta_\gamma$ is emitted angle of $\gamma$-rays, with $A= -0.3881\pm0.0236$ and $B=-0.0747\pm0.0105$ in 0.74 eV p-wave resonance. This angular distribution was analyzed within the framework of interference between s- and p-wave amplitudes in the entrance channel to the compound nuclear state, and it is interpreted as the value of the partial p-wave neutron width corresponding to the total angular momentum of the incident neutron combined with the weak matrix element, in the context of the mechanism of enhanced parity-violating effects. Additionally we used the result to quantify the possible enhancement of the breaking of the time-reversal invariance in the vicinity of the p-wave resonance.Comment: 14pages, 25 figure

Parity-broken ground state for the spin-1 pyrochlore antiferromagnet

The ground-state properties of the spin-1 pyrochlore antiferromagnet are studied by applying the VBS-like tetrahedron-unit decomposition to the original spin system. The symmetrization required on every vertex is taken into account by introducing a ferromagnetic coupling. The pairwise effective Hamiltonian between the adjacent tetrahedrons is obtained by considering the next nearest neighbor and the third neighbor exchange interactions. We find that the transverse component of the spin chirality exhibits a long-range order, breaking the parity symmetry of the tetrahedral group, while the chirality itself is not broken.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX(ver.3.1

Orbital Localization and Delocalization Effects in the U 5f^2 Configuration: Impurity Problem

Anderson models, based on quantum chemical studies of the molecule of U(C_8H_8)_2, are applied to investigate the problem of an U impurity in a metal. The special point here is that the U 5f-orbitals are divided into two subsets: an almost completely localized set and a considerably delocalized one. Due to the crystal field, both localized and delocalized U 5f-orbitals affect the low-energy physics. A numerical renormalization group study shows that every fixed point is characterized by a residual local spin and a phase shift. The latter changes between 0 and \pi/2, which indicates the competition between two different fixed points. Such a competition between the different local spins at the fixed points reflects itself in the impurity magnetic susceptibility at high temperatures. These different features cannot be obtained if the special characters of U 5f-orbitals are neglected.Comment: 4 pages, REVTeX, email to [email protected]