Prevalence of Argulus sp. in Indian Major Carps from Bhangore block of South 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, India

The study was carried out to find the prevalence and severity of Argulus sp. in Indian Major Carps (IMC) collected from Bhangore block of South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal during November’2018 to August’2019. The highest parasitic prevalence (PFI, 83.33%) had been recorded in the month of January and lowest (PFI, 9%) in the month of August. The identities of selected parasites were further confirmed by molecular identification through 18S rDNA analysis. The study revealed that Argulus infestation was of great implications from economic point of view throughout the study period especially in winter and is the most prevalent problem in fresh water aquaculture systems

Prevalence of Ectoparasitic Infestation in Indian Major Carps During Winter at Different Blocks of South 24-Parganas District, West Bengal, India

The study was carried out to find the prevalence of ectoparasites in carp species specifically Indian Major Carps (IMC) during the post monsoon season (November’16 to March’17). Four groups of ectoparasites viz. myxozoan, ciliophoran, monogenean and crustacean were recorded from a total 500 number of  carp species like, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo calbasu collected from different ponds of selected blocks of South 24-Parganas district of West Bengal. The highest prevalence (64.8%) of infestation had been recorded by Myxozoans and the lowest was by Monogeneans (4.8%). The highest and lowest ectoparasitic prevalence in carp was observed in L. rohita (32.9%) and C. catla (27.3%). Beside these, lower temperature (Average 19.3oC), low pH (Average 6.9) and marginal level of dissolved oxygen (Average 6.0ppm) were also created an unfavorable condition for parasitic infestation during this season. At the end of this experiment it was concluded that disease occurrences due to ectoparasites was high in winter with some key factors like temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO)

A comparison between volume-controlled ventilation and pressure-controlled ventilation in providing better oxygenation in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: The maintenance of oxygenation is a commonly encountered problem in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There is no specific guideline on the ventilation modes for this group of patients. Although several studies have been performed to determine the optimal ventilatory settings in these patients, the answer is yet to be found. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) in comparison with volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) for maintaining oxygenation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in obese patients. Methods: One hundred and two adult patients of ASA physical status I and II, Body Mass Index of 30-40 kg/m 2 , scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this prospective randomized open-label parallel group study. To start with, all patients received VCV. Fifteen minutes after creation of pneumoperitoneum, they were randomized to receive either VCV (Group V) or PCV (Group P). The ventilatory parameters were adjusted accordingly to maintain the end-tidal CO 2 between 35 and 40 mmHg. Respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation and peak airway pressure were noted. Arterial blood gas analyses were done 15 min after creation of pneumoperitoneum and at 20-min intervals thereafter till the end of the surgery. All data were analysed statistically. Results: Patients in Group P showed a statistically significant ( P < 0.05) higher level of PaO 2 and lower value of PAO 2 -PaO 2 than those in Group V. Conclusion: PCV is a more effective mode of ventilation in comparison with VCV regarding oxygenation in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Effect of QTc interval on prediction of hypotension following subarachnoid block in patients undergoing cesarean section: A comparative study

Background: Previous studies have revealed that QTc interval is prolonged in pre-eclamptic parturients. Another study reflected the relationship between the sympathetic block and QTc interval. Subarachnoid block was safely administered in patients with severe pre-eclampsia. It has also been noticed that hypotension in response to spinal anesthesia is relatively less in pre-eclamptic patients than normal parturients. Aim: To compare the QTc values in normal and pre-eclamptic term parturients and to establish whether any correlation exists between the QTc interval and the systemic hypotension following subarachnoid block. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five pre-eclamptic patients (Group A) and 25 normotensive patients (Group B) were included in this study. QTc interval was recorded for each patient before subarachnoid block for cesarean section. Changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured in both the groups and compared. Results: Baseline QTc was significantly higher in the pre-eclamptic group (Group A: 0.47 ± 0.11) with that of control (Group B: 0.36. ± 0.02). Significant fall in blood pressure was seen only in one group with QTc between 0.38 and 0.39 in Group A. Hypotension was significantly more in normotensive mothers (Group B). However, no statistical correlation could be drawn from this study between QTc interval and hypotension, although a trend toward increasing hypotension with decreasing QTc was present. Discussion : The prolonged QTc intervals seen in pre-eclamptic patients may be due to the contributory effects of sympathetic hyperactivity, hypertension, and hypocalcemia secondary to underlying vasoconstriction. Decreased vagal control of heart in pre-eclampsia may have produced the difference in change in hemodynamic status between pre-eclamptic and normotensive parturient. Conclusion: Any consistent correlation between QTc and hypotension following subarachnoid block could not be derived from this study. To achieve a statistical significance a larger sample size may be required