Chorioangioma of Placenta: A Rare Placental Cause for Adverse Fetal Outcome

Chorioangioma is a benign angioma of placenta arising from chorionic tissue. Large chorioangioma has unfavourable effects on both mother and fetus. We describe a case with large chorioangioma that had a poor outcome on the fetus. We also reviewed the literature on prognostic factors affecting fetal outcome

Antenatal Diagnosis of Achondrogenesis Type II

Achondrogenesis is a lethal congenital chondrodystrophy characterized by extreme micromelia, small thorax and polyhydramnios. We describe a case of achondrogenesis type II (Langer-Saldino achondrogenesis). Prenatal ultrasonography at 22-weeks gestation revealed a fetus with large head, short neck and chest, prominent abdomen and short limbs. Pregnancy was terminated. Radiologic examination of neonate revealed features of achondrogenesis type II. Routine ultrasound screening made early detection and timely management possible. Key Words: achondrogenesis, antenatal, chondrodystroph, congenita

Umbilical laparoscopic scar endometriosis

Umbilical endometriosis is rare and challenging in both diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of an umbilical scar endometriotic nodule in a 39-year-old lady following laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. The wide local excision of the nodule and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. We discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment options for the patient

Cytogenetic evaluation of patients with clinical spectrum of Turner syndrome

Aim: The objective of this study was to correlate the genotype, of female patients, withshort stature and primary amenorrhea. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-six subjects were recruited during 2005-2012. Microscopic and automated karyotyping analyses were done by using chromosomes isolated from the lymphocytes using Giemsa banding (GTG) to identify chromosome abnormalities. Results: A total of 146 clinically suspected Turner syndrome (TS) subjects were recruited for the study, of which, 61 patients were identified to have chromosome abnormalities. The chromosomal abnormalities detected were as follows: Monosomy X (n = 19, 13.01%), triple X syndrome (n = 4, 2.7%), mosaic TS (n = 12, 8.21%), XY gonadal dysgenesis (n = 13, 8.9%), and structural abnormalities including X chromosome (n = 15, 10.27%) and one patient each with autosomal changes involving 9qh inversion and translocation of chromosomes 12 and 14. Conclusion: Karyotype abnormalities accounting for 46% in this study emphasize the need for karyotype testing in cases of short stature with primary amenorrhea

Premature ovarian aging in primary infertility: Triple X syndrome

Genetic aberrations comprise one-third of women with premature ovarian aging (POA). X chromosome abnormalities are seen in these women. We report a case of a 29-year-old lady with primary infertility and POA. She was phenotypically normal and her basal follicle stimulating hormone level was above the age-specific cut-off. Karyotype was triple X syndrome

What does fetal autopsy unmask in oligohydramnios?

<p><i>Objective</i>: We aimed to determine the value of autopsy in fetuses with antenatally diagnosed oligohydramnios.</p> <p><i>Patients and methods</i>: We evaluated all fetal losses over a period of 6.5 years. Those with oligohydramnios on antenatal scan were critically analyzed. Oligohydramnios was defined as amniotic fluid index of less than five objectively or as an obvious lack of liquor at subjective assessment. A detailed postmortem examination was carried out in all the fetuses after obtaining an informed consent.</p> <p><i>Results</i>: Fetal autopsy was conducted in 255 cases. Fifty-five (21.5%) fetuses were diagnosed to have oligohydramnios on antenatal ultrasonography. On analysis of antenatal causes of oligohydramnios, maternal/placental factors were noted in 18%, ultrasound findings known to affect amniotic fluid in 27% while cause remained unidentified in 54.5% of cases. On autopsy, fetal malformations were noted in 61.8% cases, intrauterine growth retardation in 21.8% fetuses and no obvious malformations in 16.3% fetuses. Renal anomalies were noted in 40% cases and non-renal malformations in 21.8% cases.</p> <p><i>Conclusion</i>: The postmortem examination helped us to identify the cause of fetal loss in 46 (83.6%) fetuses with antenatal oligohydramnios. A working diagnosis could not have been established without autopsy in 19 (34.5%) cases.</p